# All Questions

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### Formal methods in C++ for safety critical software [on hold]

Looking at C, C has good support for formal methods that can be used in-code(frama-c, VCC, verifast). C++ doesn't seem to have any comparable as far as I can tell. What formal methods are available ...
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### Can you simulate a malfunctioning computer?

Could a specific computer model run an accurate simulation of a computer that is malfunctioning or about to crash dump alot of its memory? Could it accurately simulate a model like itself crashing?
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### Combinatory interpretation of lambda calculus

According to Peter Selinger, The Lambda Calculus is Algebraic (PDF). Early in this article he says: The combinatory interpretation of the lambda calculus is known to be imperfect, because it ...
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### Looking for an algorithm to solve a specific Vehicle Routing Problem

I am trying to figure out a way to create routes for trucks to complete a list of orders(drops/stops), while minimizing distance traveled. There is only ever 1 company warehouse in the area. The ...
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### communicational complexity calculation [on hold]

i need help regarding communication complexity of security purpose algorithm. from my basic knowledge, i think algorithm with lower computational complexity is acceptable like O(n) > O(n^2); but what ...
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### Recovering a point embedding from a graph with edges weighted by point distance

Suppose I give you an undirected graph with weighted edges, and tell you that each node corresponds to a point in 3d space. Whenever there's an edge between two nodes, the weight of the edge is the ...
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### What is a semantic cognitive map

Based on: J. P. Carvalho, "On the Semantics and the Use of Fuzzy Cognitive Maps in Social Sciences" (WCCI, 2010 -- PDF) and Richard Dagan's web page Cognitive Mapping. A cognitive map consists of ...
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### Find an MST in a graph with edge weights from {1,2}

I've been asked the following question: Given a connected undirected graph $G=(V,E)$ and a weight function $w: E \to \{1,2\}$, suggest an efficient algorithm that finds an MST of the graph. ...
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### Call‑by‑name will succeeds where call‑by‑value may fails: some example cases?

I've landed to SML pages, comparing call‑by‑name and call‑by‑value, asserting the former always succeed while the latter may fails. As this seems counter intuitive to me, I feel at least an example ...
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### What is the signal going from the computer to the screen?

Im sorry if it is a weird question, but I cant seem to find an answer for this. What does the signal going to the screen look like in more abstract sense? Does it code the values of each pixel in a ...
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### Does a NFA accept context free languages? [on hold]

A NFA accepts regular languages (Type-3). So because of the chomsky hierarchy every regular language is also context-free. So a NFA accepts context free languages. Am I wrong? Moreover a NFA accepts ...
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### TCP & UDP time taken/retransmission calculation [on hold]

What i know is that, TCP provides reliable point-to point communication, whereas UDP doesn't establish a connection before sending data, it just sends. For this question, assuming that for UDP-IPv4 ...
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### Satisfy edges' constraints when updating node in directed acyclical graph

I have a directed acyclical graph. Each node represents an event with start and end dates and each edge represents a constraint between to events with 2 properties: max interval between previous ...
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### PROBLEM IN NUMBER SYSTEM [migrated]

how there are two different conversion results for the same bases. Am i doing something wrong ! Please help ! thanks in advance.
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### Call by need compared to pass by function

SML uses pass‑by‑value, Haskell uses call‑by‑need. Unless I'm wrong (the purpose of this question), one can do call‑by‑need with SML, passing a function instead of a value; a function to be later ...
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### Explanation of Tag, Index, and Offset in Direct Mapping Cache

I'm going through an exercise trying to store address references into a direct mapped cache with 128 blocks and a block size of 32 bytes. The address are 20000, 20004, 20008, and 20016 in base 10. ...
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### Non-Approximate Dynamic All-Pairs Shortest Path algorithm for Undirected, Unweighted Graphs?

I am looking for an algorithm involving adding unweighted edges to an empty, undirected graph (with vertices) and then for each, updating the table of shortest paths. An example is if we have ...
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### Video lectures on type systems

For my job, I need to pick up a working understanding of the implementation of type systems (in particular, how to write typing rules based on a design document). I've been given a copy of Types and ...
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### Difference between hypervisor and exokernel

An hypervisor (1st type) is a software that creates and run virtual machines, managing guest's operative systems's requests to the hardware. An exokernel is an operative system kernel, that let's ...
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### Computer resource under-usage [on hold]

here is a list of the core components of my Dell computer: Processor: dual core Intel(R) Xeon(R) CPU E5-2630 0 @ 2.30GHz RAM: 96 GB System: Windows 7 64-bit Hard drives: 2TB SATA Video: NVIDIA Quadro ...
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### Computing binomial coefficients and factorials modulo a composite number

Does anyone know of a fast algorithm to compute factorials and/or binomial coefficients in general or modulo a composite number in particular (for composite moduli I am interested in the case where ...
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### If Halting problem is decidable, are all RE languages decidable? [on hold]

Assume the halting problem was decidable. Is then every recursively enumerable languagerecursive?
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### difference between multilayer perceptron and linear regression

What is the difference between multilayer perceptron and linear regression classifier. I am trying to learn a model with numerical attributes, and predict a numerical value. Thanks
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### Efficient way to check if a graph node's children were visited during traversal [on hold]

I have a generic traversal algorithm for graphs: ...
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### Regular expression (ab U a)* to NFA with two states (Sipser)?

In the 3rd edition of Sipser's Introduction to the Theory of Computation (example 1.56, p.68), there is a step-by-step procedure to transform (ab U a)* into a NFA. And then the text ends with: "In ...
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### Can I have a “dependent coproduct type”?

I'm reading through the HoTT book and I have a (probably very naive) question about the stuff in the chapter one. The chapter introduces the function type $$f:A\to B$$ and then generalizes it by ...
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### Min-max selection sort

Is there already modified version of selection sort that works like this pseudocode: ...
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### Are all Chomsky-Type3 grammars LL(1)?

Referring to this Question, where an answer is stating that all Type 3 languages are LL(1), I'd like to know if all Type 3 grammars are possibly LL(1). If not, why is it so? Are there maybe ambiguous ...
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### Understanding Property Testing with a toy example

I am newbie with this property testing and I am trying to understand it with a few examples. I first dealt with a toy example. I did not understand the first step of the test in the following slide. ...
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### Which textbook can I use after a high school CS course? [on hold]

I just finished the AP Computer Science course in high school and since my school does not have any further classes, I was thinking about getting a textbook and continuing my study. APCS goes through ...
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### Complexity of Sorting Integers on a Multitape Turing Machine

How expensive is sorting integers on a Multitape Turing Machine? The usual algorithms rely on indirect access, so how much does losing it cost us? Say we have $N$ integers from $[0, 2^B)$. It's not ...
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### Financial/Investment Books for Programmers [on hold]

I'm doing an internship at an investment company creating and supporting some applications for the development team. Unfortunately, I'm not very savy when it comes to financial/investment management ...
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### Difference between private Ip and public ip? [migrated]

What is the difference between public Ip and Private Ip? Do each machine have both private Ip and public Ip? Who assigns Public and private Ip? and how can a machine having only private ip access ...
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### Understanding the reason behind the μ (mu) operator [on hold]

What is the purpose of the $\mu$ operator? Is there a real world example? Is it correct that it can create partial functions out of total functions and it makes a function $g$ with k parameters out ...
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### Using the μ (mu) operator

Problem I've got this function: $f(x,y)=(6-3\cdot x)\cdot(y+2)$, with $(x,y)\in\mathbb{N}^2$ Now I have to find $g=\mu f$. Proposed solution My solution was to find the smallest $n\in\mathbb{N}$ ...