# Avoiding overflow in computing the ratio of two large numbers

Is there a trick for computing the expression $$x + (exp(x)-x)/(exp(2*x) + 1)$$ while avoiding an overflow? Currently, computation seems to fail for any $$x \geq 710$$, presumably because computing $$exp(2*x)$$ leads to an overflow. The expression as such never produces particularly large numbers, but exponentiation seems to cause problems.

I'm working in R, but the same problem occurs in C++ as well.

If there is no trick for computing it, I'd be just as happy using another non-negative monotonic function which is nearly linear for $$x > 10$$.

Yes, when $$x\ge355$$, computing $$e^{2x}$$ as a double-precision float in IEEE 754-1985 standard, leads to an overflow.
$$x + \frac{e^x-x}{e^{2x} + 1}= x + e^{-x} - \frac{x+e^{-x}}{e^{2x} + 1}\approx x+ e^{-x}$$
The difference between the two sides of the approximate sign is smaller than the minimal positive number in IEEE 754-1985 standard, $$2^{−1022} \approx 2.225×10^{−308}$$, when $$x>367.2$$.
So, once $$x>367.2$$, you can just use $$x+e^{-x}$$ instead.