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Do functions with the following properties exists for x being arbitrary stream of bytes:

  1. op(f(x1), f(x2))=f(x1+x2) and op(f(x1), f(x2))!=f(x2+x1) given that x1!=x2 where plus denotes concatenation and op is an easily computable operation
  2. f(x) is fixed length of about 160-512 bytes
  3. f does not need to be hard to revert, but should be useful at finding transmission errors or duplicates.

Could you provide any names/articles/pointers?

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  • $\begingroup$ x1 = a, x2 = aa. $\endgroup$
    – gnasher729
    Commented Feb 11, 2019 at 20:56

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Try the CRC hash; it has this property. You can also look at Merkle tree hashing.

See also https://crypto.stackexchange.com/q/24622/351, Which fingerprinting/hashing algorithms support compounding?, https://crypto.stackexchange.com/q/6497/351.

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