For many discrete problems, it's natural to consider their continuous relaxations. A common case is when instead of $x_i \in \{0, 1\}$ we allow $x_i \in [0, 1]$. In certain cases, the original problem is an integer linear programming (ILP) problem, and its relaxed version becomes a linear programming (LP) problem, which we can efficiently solve.
Questions: Are there common techniques which show that, for a particular problem:
- An LP solution will always be an ILP solution?
- There exists an LP solution that is also an ILP solution?
- A particular LP algorithm (e.g. simplex method) finds an ILP solution.
By "solution", I, of course, mean a vector on which the objective reaches its optimum.