# CFG for $\{uvw \mid u,v,w \in\{0,1\}^*,|u|=|v|=|w| \wedge u\neq w\}$

$$L=\{uvw \mid u,v,w \in\{0,1\}^*,|u|=|v|=|w| \wedge u\neq w\}$$

Any help would be appreciated.

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– D.W.
May 17 '21 at 3:47
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– D.W.
May 17 '21 at 4:19

The idea is that a word $$uvw\in L$$ can be written as $$x\alpha y\beta z$$ with $$x, y, z \in \{0,1\}^*$$, $$\alpha, \beta\in \{0,1\}$$, verifying the following conditions:

• $$\alpha \neq \beta$$
• $$|x\alpha z| = |u| = |v| = |w|$$. This implies $$|x| + |z| + 1 = |u|$$ and then $$|y| = 3|u| - 2 - |x|-|z| = 2|u| - 1 = 2 |x| + 2|z| + 1$$.

That means that if we use a grammar symbol $$X$$ to create $$x$$ and part of $$y$$, centered on the position of $$\alpha$$, informally we will need to push "one symbol on the left and two on the right" of $$X$$. The converse is done for creating part of $$y$$ and $$z$$, centered on $$\beta$$. And for the ending $$+1$$, we will add an additional terminal symbol from the starting rule.

Now we only need to do it for $$\alpha = 0$$ and $$\beta = 1$$, and the other way around.

In details, we can use the following grammar:

$$S \rightarrow X_1AZ_0 \mid X_0AZ_1$$
$$X_0 \rightarrow AX_0AA \mid 0$$
$$X_1 \rightarrow AX_1AA \mid 1$$
$$Z_0 \rightarrow AAZ_0A \mid 0$$
$$Z_1 \rightarrow AAZ_1A \mid 1$$
$$A\rightarrow 0\mid 1$$