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Equivalent context free grammar for pushdown automata


[edit] This machine does not accept L = {a^(n)b^(n)c^(n) | n > 0} and instead accepts L = {a^(2n+1)b^(2n+1)c^(2n+1)}; also, as a side note please don't try to fix my machine - I want to do it. I have an idea.

[edit 2] This doesn't work and I don't think there is any fixing this - oh well.

So I'm kind of confused on this idea of pushdown automata and context free grammar being equivalent. For instance, in the language,

L = {a^(n)b^(n)c^(n) | n > 0},

we can design some pushdown automaton - we'll omit pushing and popping a start symbol from the stack for the sake of brevity.

The Machine

Say we have a state q1 that reads every 'a' present in the string and simultaneously pushes an 'a' to the stack whilst looping on itself - to get from q1 to, say q2, we read a 'b' from the string, pop 'a', and push nothing. Next we have q2, q2 has two different transfers that it can go to: q3 or q4. to get to q3, we read 'b', pop nothing, and push nothing - q3 has one transfer that goes to q2; this transfer is as follows: we read 'b', pop 'a', and push nothing. To get to q4 we read 'c', pop 'a', and push nothing. At q4 we can go to q5: To get to q5, we read c, pop nothing, and push nothing. q5 has a transfer back to q4 - the transfer is as follows: we read a 'c', pop an 'a', and push nothing. The stack, given a valid string, will be completely empty at the end of this process - thus the string is accepted.

My question

A context free grammar cannot create this language; this makes me question the scope of pushdown automaton; I thought pushdown automata and context free grammars were equivalent - especially given the fact that this pushdown automaton is deterministic.

Comments and answers would be very much appreciated!
Kyle (Hiefenhoomer)

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  • $\begingroup$ How did your machine guarantees that the numbers of $a$, $b$, and $c$ are equal? $\endgroup$
    – Russel
    May 2 at 2:30
  • $\begingroup$ @Russel Lol I just realized this only works for a^(2n+1)b^(2n+1)c^(2n+1). I'm sure this PDA can be altered to fix this. I'll answer you later I promise! I just have to study for finals. $\endgroup$ May 2 at 2:57
  • $\begingroup$ The language is not context-free and I think you already covered in your class that CFG and PDA are equivalent. Hence if something is not possible in one form, it is not possible in the other. $\endgroup$
    – Russel
    May 2 at 3:02
  • $\begingroup$ Ok, so what I've learned is the fact that I'm a silly goose - thanks for pointing this out. I've tried to figure this out a little and it's not working. $\endgroup$ May 2 at 3:56
  • $\begingroup$ You argued the language $L$ of the regular expression is part of the machine's language - say $M$. Is $M \subset L$? $\endgroup$
    – greybeard
    May 2 at 5:31

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