For some transformation, I am currently working on, it is useful to "pull out" subexpressions and replacing them with variables.
i.e. $\textbf{transform}(42 + 3 * 4) = (\lambda x. 42 + x) (3*4)$
This has, of course, the same result (if it does not extract bound variables and is correct only modulo evaluation order, i.e. termination properties might change).
Such a basic operation probably has an established name, but I never heard it. Is it "beta-expansion"?