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Given this definitions about Types and Type systems :

Types are described by means of a language of type expressions:

  • Basic or primitive types: Bool, Char, Int, ...

  • Type variables: a, b, c, ...

  • Type constructors: → (function), × (tuple), [ ] (list), ...

  • Rules to build type expressions:

    τ ::= Bool | Char | Int | ··· | t | τ → τ | τ × τ | [ τ ] | ···

  • Types whose type expression contains no type variable are called monomorphic types or just monotypes.

  • Types whose type expression contains variables are called polytypes or polymorphic types (parametric polymorphism)

  • A polymorphic type represents an infinite number of monotypes

I'm trying to understand the last definition but i can't. A polymorphic type represents a infinite number of monoytpes, because in his type expression has a type variable ?

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Yes, exactly. Because you can instantiate the polymorphic type with an infinite amount of (mono)types.

For example, the type $a \to a$ (which is a polymrphic type) represents

  • Bool $\to$ Bool
  • Char $\to$ Char
  • (Char $\to$ Int) $\to$ (Char $\to$ Int)
  • etc...
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