Suggest structure for query $sumRange(low,high)$ which returns sum of elements whose key $k$ satisfies $low \le k \le high$ in $\Theta(\log n)$ time

Question

Suggest a data structure to perform a query $sumRange(low,high)$ which will return the sum of the elements whose key $k$ satisfies $low \le k \le high$ in $\Theta(\log n)$ time.

I found the original problem here (although it's for counting) but it runs in $\Theta(n)$ time. However, I think with additional data structures and/or improvements this can be done in $\Theta(\log n)$.

I think we need a balanced binary search tree, for example, red-black tree.

Then I thought of the following algorithm:

sumRange(low, high) 
sum <- 0
temp
closestToLow <- findClosest(low)

if(low=closestToLow)
    sum += closestToLow.key

temp <- successor(closestToLow)
sum += temp.key

It will only find the low point and its successor. I guess we need a similar piece of code to find the high point. Not sure how to traverse in between though.

Answer 1

Prefix sums or a 1-D summed area table suffice to answer those queries in $O(1)$ time. (Alternatively, you can augment a balanced binary search tree -- I will let you discover how.)