After reading about Base & Bounds
memory protection mechanism from Stanford CS140 lecture notes, I understood from the explanation below that there is an integrated circuit
performing B&B checks somewhere in the CPU (correct me if I'm wrong):
On each memory reference, virtual address is compared to the bound register, then added to the base register to produce a physical address. A bound violation results in a trap to the operating system.
However I didn't find any information about how the OS detects such violation from the hardware in order to handle the exception.
Does anyone have any idea?