I am wondering at a high level the mathematics of the Polyhedral Model.
The polyhedral model (also called the polytope method) is a mathematical framework for programs that perform large numbers of operations -- too large to be explicitly enumerated -- thereby requiring a compact representation. The polyhedral method treats each loop iteration within nested loops as lattice points inside mathematical objects called polyhedra, performs affine transformations or more general non-affine transformations such as tiling on the polytopes, and then converts the transformed polytopes into equivalent, but optimized (depending on targeted optimization goal), loop nests through polyhedra scanning.
I would like to understand the basic mathematical components of this but am having difficulty with the notation.
Specifically wondering what is going on in Figure 1 below. That is, where the polyhedra, lattice points, and affine transformations are, and how to represent/define them with mathematical notation. For instance, I haven't seen anything yet saying "a polyhedron from a loop is a tuple $p = (R, L, A)$ where $R$ is a set of loops, $L$ is a lattice and $A$ is a set of affine transformations, ...". Looking for the definitions of these 3 things and their relationship, as well as the relation between the loop variables and the what looks like is a matrix equation in the figure.
Figure (1) -^.
Figure (2) -^.
