From what I understand, the x86 family of processors understands the same instruction set and x86-32, x86-16 machine code can be executed by an x-86-64 processor because of backwards compatibility.
Now since Machine Code is usually produced from Assembly Language and we use an assembler for that purpose, does that mean that the family of processors doesn't define an Assembly Language but it is rather the Assembler that we use since it actually parses the code?
Let's say I have an Assembly Code like this which is assembled by MASM for an 80386 processor:
MOV AX, 5
ADD AX, 10
Now assume that this another Assembly Code which is assembled by another hypothetical assembler (lets say HASM) for the same 80386 processor:
MOV 5
ADD 10
Q1: So for the same processor we can have two different Assembly Code which when assembled using the right assembler can produce the same Machince Code?
Q2: So let's say I have a PC running another family of processor (ARM) and write an Assembly Code and assemble it by MASM which produces machine code compatible for the 80386 processor. Now, without executing, it I copy the machine code over to another PC with the 80386 processor, would the code run Okay?
Q3: If I have two PCs with 80386 processors, one running Windows & the other linux. If I use MASM to assemble a source code on Windows for the 80386 processor, why then, when I copy the machine code over to Linux, it won't execute? Both PCs are running the same processor and machine code is the same! How does OS come into play here? (Please assume no OS specific API function has been used)