Linked Questions

I have a language where each string in the language has even amount of $0$'s as $1$'s (e.g., $0101$, $1010$, $1100$, $0011$, $10$ are all in the language). I was hoping to define a context-free ...

Consider the following grammar with starting symbol of $S$. $$S \rightarrow 0S11\;|\;S1\;|\;0$$ Let $L = \{0^i1^j:\; \ge 1\; and\; j \ge2i-2\}$ . Give a formal proof of the following claim : For all ...

Given that I have the grammar $\qquad\displaystyle G_1 = (\{a, b, c, d\}, \{S, X, Y \}, S, \{S → XY, X → aXb, X → ab, Y → cYd, Y → cd\})$, how am I supposed to prove that $\qquad\displaystyle S(G1) ...

The exercise says "Show that the grammar $G = \langle\{S\}, \{a, b\}, S, \{S \to \lambda, S \to aSb\}\rangle$ generates the language $L = \{a^i b^i \mid i = 0, 1, 2, \ldots\}$." Now, I'm new to ...

Is a suitable way to prove that any given CFG generates (or not) any given language to draw its total language tree? What if the tree is infinite? What would then be a better way to prove that a ...

I was given the Language $L=\left \{ a^nb^na^nb^n |n\epsilon \mathbb{N} \right \}$ and I'm supposed to find a Grammar that generates that Language. After some trying and fiddling I found one that I ...

One possible CFG containing twice as many zeros as ones can be, S -> 0S0S1S | 0S1S0S | 1S0S0S | ϵ (This CFG is redundant but it will do the job. So I am not interested in the redundancy. Other ...

If I have production $G_n$ $S \rightarrow A_i b_i \quad$ for $1 \le i \le n$ $A_i \rightarrow a_j A_i \mid a_j\quad$ for $1 \le i$ and $i \ne j$ Prove $G_n$ is sub-productions from $2n^2 - ...

I am trying to find a context free grammar for the language $L = \{xy \mid |x|=|y| \text{ and } x≠y^R\}$ where $y^R$ is the reverse of string y and $x, y\in \{a,b\}^*$ . Here is a possible ...

When developing a CFG, I find that one can be confused about whether the grammar is correct, i.e. whether it recognizes only the required strings and not other strings. But this can be hard to see? ...

I have a language L = {a^n b^m c^k | n = m or m != k} When I was working the problem out this is what I got: S -> S1|S2 S1 -> AC A -> aAb|$\lambda$ C -> Cc |$\lambda$ S2 -> BD B -> aB|$\lambda$ D ->...

I need to find a grammar that generates the language composed by all words that have more $a$ than $b$ given an alphabet $\{a,b\}$ I tried the following production rules: ...

My problem is how can I prove that a grammar is unambiguous? I have the following grammar: $$S → statement ∣ \mbox{if } expression \mbox{ then } S ∣ \mbox{if } expression \mbox{ then } S \mbox{ else } ...

There are many techniques to prove that a language is not context-free, but how do I prove that a language is context-free? What techniques are there to prove this? Obviously, one way is to exhibit ...

In an exercise, I am asked to find a context free grammar for language $L = \{a^{2^k}, k \in \mathbb{N}\}$. I have been trying to use a "doubling" variable. If $a^{2n} \in L, n\in\mathbb{N}$ then use ...

I saw the answer in one of the solutions and I cannot figure out how they got the answer. The question is asked if the word is in the language or not for CNF... How did they get the answer so that ab ...

I have the following deterministic finite automaton and I am need to prove correctness of the claim that this automata accepts $\{wab \mid w\in \{a,b\}^*\}$ I know that I need to prove by induction ...

The linear grammar is a grammar that's either left, right or left and right linear. The context-free grammar can contain any kind of productions of non-terminals and terminals. All linear grammars ...

I know that in general it is undecidable whether two context free grammars generate the same language, but I have to do this exercise and I am finding myself somewhat stuck: G1: S->e|aB|bA B->bS|...

Can someone help with this $L= \{a^ib^j | 2i \leq 2j \leq 3i, i>0\}$

I have the following grammar G: $$ \begin{align*} &S \to aB|bA \\ &A \to a|aS|bAA \\ &B \to b|bS|aBB \end{align*} $$ I am going to prove that this language L(G) consists of words with the ...

Is the language $L = \{ w \mid w \in (a,b)^* \wedge w \text{ is not a palindrome} \}$, context-free? I think this grammar: $ S \rightarrow aSa \mid bSb \mid aAb \mid bAa\\ A \rightarrow aAa \mid bAb \...

We know $L_1=\{w_1 w_2 \in (a+b)^*\mid |w_1|=|w_2|, w_2 \neq w_1^{\;\mathrm{R}}\}$ is a context-free language. Can anyone help me produce a PDA or give me any hint how I can quickly understand why ...

I have the CFG G with the following production rules: $$ S \to aSaS \mid b $$ Is it possible to find $L(G)$? I have no idea how describe it by any pattern. I use grammophone to check example words, ...

Hello I have an exercise for homework and I was hopping to get some hints in order to solve it. num-> 11 | 10 num' 01 | num 0 | num num num'-> 00 num' | 1 num' | ε I need to prove that my ...

S -> aSb | A | B A -> aS | a B -> Sb | b is this the language generated by this CFG? Or am I missing something?

Say you are given the following CFG $G$: $$ S \to S_1 \mid S_2 \\ S_1 \to AbAS_1c \mid \epsilon \\ S_2 \to BaBS_2c \mid \epsilon \\ A \to Aa \mid \epsilon \\ B \to Bb \mid \epsilon $$ What is $L(G)$? ...

Im having a lot of trouble proving that for the Regular expression $R_{1} = \left( a^{*} b^{*} \right)^{*}$ and $R_{2} = \left( a+b \right)^{*}$ that $L \left( R_{1} \right) = L \left( R_{2} \right)$. ...

I need to prove that $L(f(M)) = L(M)\cup \{\varepsilon\}$ where $M$ is a DFA and $f$ is the function $f(M) := (Q\cup \{q_f\}, \Sigma, \delta', q_f, F\cup\{q_f\})$ and $q_f$ is a new state not in $Q$ ...

Given following question: Let $G$ be a context-free grammar, $G=(V, \Sigma, R, S)$, that has start variable $S$, set of variables $V = \{S\}$, set of terminals $\Sigma = \{0, 1\}$, and set of rules $...

The question is to design a CFG for the language of words that have as many c's as the difference of numbers of a's and b's, that is $\qquad\displaystyle L = \{(a^l)(b^m)(c^n) \mid l, m \in \mathbb{N}...

We have grammar with nonterminals $ X_1,...X_n$ terminals $V_t$ and rewriting rules of form: $X_i \rightarrow a \in V_t $ $X_i \rightarrow X_jX_k, \ i \ge j , \ i > k $ How can I show that ...

I need to bulid a context-free grammar for $\qquad \mathscr{L_4}=\{w\in\{a,b,c\}^* \mid w\text{ is not palindrome at all}\}$ Not palindrom at all: We will say that a word $w$ is not palindrome at ...

I have been struggling trying to write a regular expression for a binary number that includes "10" and has an odd number of 0's, so far I have (1) * (00) * 10(1010) * (00) * (1) * but it doesn't ...

I am trying to solve the following problem from Aho, et al., Compilers: Principles, Techniques, & Tools (2nd ed.), exercise 2.2.2e: What language is generated by the following grammar? $S\...

Consider the (big-step) semantics of a language ($a, e$ terms, $v$ values), defined by two mutually recursive relations, $\downarrow$ and $\Downarrow$, given by a set of rule-schemata (simplified): $\...

I'm trying to prove (by induction) that BFS in equivalent to DFS, in the sense that they return the same set of visited nodes, but I'm stuck in the middle of some of the cases. Let $G$ be a directed ...

I had an exercise: Describe the language generated by the following given context free grammar and prove it by induction. $$\begin{align} S &\to SA \mid \epsilon \\ A &\to aS \mid bA \...

I am supposed to create CFG for this languague: $L= \{w : w \in \{a, b\}^*, |w_b| = 3k, k \geq 0 \}$ where $|w_b|$ is count of terminals $b$ in $w$. For example: aa - OK, no 'b' abb - wrong, only ...

I have to prove that the language $L=\{a^ib^j:2i=3j+1\}$ and the CFG G with the following rewrite rules: $S\rightarrow a^2Tb$ $T\rightarrow a^3Tb^2 |\epsilon$ are equivalent to each other. I'm ...

I am trying to understand how to write the language given the predicates of the context free grammar. As an example, I have the following grammar: $S \to 0B \mid 1A$ $A \to 0 \mid 0S \mid 1AA$ $B \...

I have a language $ L= \{ w \in \{a,b\}^* ; |w|_b=2i, i \ge 0 \}$ that is a language with even number of b's. I found a grammar for it with these rules: $S \rightarrow aS \ | \ bL \ | \ \lambda $...

I been watching tutorials about how to check if a language is not context-free and in 1 video there was a language: L = {a^n b^n c^n | n ≥ 0} and they used a pumping lemma to prove that it's not ...

I'm given the following language: L = {w∈{0,1}* | w ends in 010 and contains 011} The task is to find a regular expression R that describes this language and ...

I'm having trouble understanding some language notation, primarily what rules I can take away from it. The language is as follows: $\qquad L = \{a^n b^m b^p c^p b^{n-m} \mid n > 0, m < n, p >...

Find a context-sensitive grammar for language $L = \left\{ww \mid w \in \left\{a,b\right\}^* \right\}$ where $L \in DCSL \setminus CFL$. I find this task from old exam but there is no solution. I try ...

How can I know if my DFA is implemented correctly? For example, I need to build a DFA, and then minimize it which will recognize my name. Language which describe my name is: L = {pustai, marius} I ...

I'm trying to prove $L = \{ w : w \neq w^R \}$ over $\Sigma = \{0,1\}$ is CFL. Define $G = ({S,T}, \Sigma, R, S)$ where $R = S \to 0S0|1S1|0T1|1T0, \; T \to 0T|1T|\varepsilon$. Now I want to show ...

I have come up with: S→0SX | 1SY | 2SZ | SS | ϵ X→1 Y→0 | 2 Z→1 I think I am wrong. Any directions?

S → aS | aSbS | (empty) where the alphabet is {a,b} in other words, the set of strings where any prefix has at least as many 'a's as 'b's.