Questions tagged [binary-search-trees]

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Find amount of elements greater then number k in a BST

I am trying to find an Algorithm to find the amount of elements in a BST which are greater than a certain number K. I found it problematic as there are elements which might be greater then K but wont ...
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0answers
15 views

Probability that BST has exact height

Consider keys $[ 1 \ldots n]$. We want to calculate probability that BST tree has height = $h$. (We assume that distribution is uniform over all $C_{n}$ trees, where $C_n$ - n-th Catalan number). ...
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1answer
107 views

What exactly is the difference between a Balanced Binary Search Tree and an AVL tree?

I'm learning some Data Structures and I cannot figure out the difference between the Balanced BST and the AVL Tree. From my understanding, an AVL tree is a balanced tree with the height difference <...
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1answer
59 views

Recurrence formula for optimal binary search tree

This question is from Section 15.5 of Introduction to Algorithms (third edition). We are given sequence of keys, $ k = \{ k_{1},k_{2},\dots,k_{n} \}$, where $k_{1}<k_{2} <\dots<k_{n} $. For ...
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0answers
54 views

Understanding the Transition points of a BST

I'm trying to understand the definition of Transition point of a BST, as given in Demaine, Erik D., et al. "Dynamic optimality-almost." SIAM Journal on Computing 37.1 (2007): 240-251 ...
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1answer
35 views

What factors of the integer dataset being sorted can I change, in order to compare two sorting algorithms?

I am comparing two comparison and binary data structure based sorting algorithms, the Tree Sort, and the Heap Sort. I am measuring the time taken for both algorithms to sort an increasing size of an ...
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0answers
17 views

Splay tree amortized analysis cost using Access Lemma

Currently studying for an algorithms exam and I came across this question and solution, but I can't understand the solution where it references nodes of depth less than $4\log n$ and not restructuring....
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2answers
38 views

Call stack is hard to maintain in my brain. What should I?

When I study Binary Search Tree, I try to use a pencil and paper to scratch the process of in-order traversal. However, I find that it is hard to maintain the call stack in my brain without paper and ...
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1answer
14 views

Maintaining balanced BSTs in order to get $\frac{n}{2}$ largest elements in constant time

I wonder what is the best data structure I can use in order to achieve the following: Given a data structure based on a balanced BST, I would like to get a tree with the $\lfloor\frac{n}{2}\rfloor$ ...
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1answer
37 views

How many different (full/complete) in-order binary-trees do exist?

Given be a binary tree whose elements printed in-order results in [1,2,3,4]. Q1: How many different binary-trees do exist? Q2: How many different complete binary-...
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14 views

Parent Node in BST

Is it a good idea to store a pointer to the parent node in a binary search rather than to find the parent node several times? ...
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1answer
200 views

Remove range of keys from Binary Search Tree in O(s+h)

I have a binary search tree with integer keys. I have to remove a range (m, n]eZ of keys from the BST in O(s + h) where s is the number of keys to remove and h is the height of the tree. Attempted ...
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138 views

Calculate number of nodes in all subtrees without using DFS

Is it possible to calculate the number of nodes using post-traversal order, instead of using DFS? Below is an illustration of the question:
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13 views

Data structure for revising ordering given a (largely) ordered stream of data

I have an input stream of timestamped data that is largely sorted in ascending order by timestamp. There are occasionally out-of-order elements, at which point I need to do each of the following: ...
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0answers
280 views

Algorithm to delete BST nodes with duplicated values

In a binary search tree the following must hold: Greater keys are in the right-subtree Smaller or EQUAL keys belong to the left-subtree All the algorithms I found to delete a node start by finding ...
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32 views

How many Binary Search Trees are there which have N nodes and their height is log N

How many Binary Search Trees are there which have N nodes and their height is log N ? We need a recursive function to solve this problem. For example if n=2 the answer is 2. If n=3 answer is 1 . If n=...
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1answer
534 views

How to find time complexity of this pseudocode

Recently, I came across a question about finding sum of all values in range $[low, high]$ in BST $T$. Then I formulated following algorithm to carry out that task: We do inorder traversal of ...
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2answers
44 views

Inorder tree tranversal on binary search tree doesn't give the elements in order?

I have been told that inorder tree tranversal of binary search trees returns the tree elements in order. I came up with this binary search tree: ...
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0answers
43 views

Reasoning for awkward style of TreeMap.getHigherEntry

Consider a binary search tree (AVL, red-black, whatever). The goal "find the least key strictly greater than the specified one" ("upper_bound" in C++ STL, higherEntry//higherKey in Java, etc.) can be ...
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1answer
382 views

Constructing preorder traversal from postorder of a Binary Search Tree in O(n)

We are given postorder traversal of a Binary "SEARCH" Tree (in an array) and we want to find (print) its preorder traversal. A very naive solution is to check from end until we find element less than ...
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1answer
36 views

question about the construction of BSTs using a repeated sequence of rotations

How can I show that any binary search tree can be balanced with at most O(n log n) rotations (ā€œbalancedā€ here means that the lengths of any two paths from root to leaf differ by at most 1).
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1answer
43 views

How to construct a perfect BST from an unbalanced BST with n elements (assuming that n=(2^i)-1, i is natural)

How do I construct a perfect BST from an unbalanced BST with $n$ elements (assuming that $n=2^i-1$, $i$ is natural). ** At the worst case of $O(n)$**.
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1answer
107 views

Height of epsilon-balanced binary search tree

In Balanced Binary Search Trees on the basis of size of left and right child subtrees, Hannes says: For example, one can say, a BST is balanced, if each subtree has at most epsilon * n nodes, ...
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1answer
217 views

Leaf nodes of B+ Tree

I have a b+ tree and i want to find the record associated with a specific key Ki. So i run the b+ tree search algorithm. If a certain node in the search path is a leaf and K=Ki, then the record exists ...
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2answers
48 views

creating a binary search tree (manual)

I've been given the following values to add to a binary search tree (in the order given) 56, 35, 55, 58, 29, 15, 16, 5, 71, 92, 69, 95 and this is what my tree ended up like: but apparently it's ...
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2answers
32 views

post order for binary search tree

I got this as the post order sequence but the answer says it is wrong. I do get a bit confused with the post order logic as well. 8 11 10 9 13 16 18 15
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1answer
36 views

in order of binary search tree

This is what I got for the in-order of the bst but it's wrong because I'm answering some questions about some successors of some of the letters and I got them wrong. so I'm wondering where in this in-...
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1answer
649 views

How is the right, root, left order traversal called in a binary search tree?

In a Binary Search Tree you have the following orders for traversal: Left, Root, Right is called Inorder (or ascending order). Root, Left, Right is called Preorder. Left, Right, Root is called ...
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2answers
2k views

Time complexity for balancing an unbalanced binary tree

The question here is that: There is an unbalanced binary tree with n-nodes. What is the time complexity to balance the tree? The solution I thought of involved solving using Recursion where for the ...
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1answer
95 views

Is the tree shown a valid red-black tree?

I have made a red-black tree and I think that it is not valid. Could someone please verify? As far as I know, in red-black tree we also consider the leaf nodes at the NULLS of the visible leaf nodes ...
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0answers
32 views

RB trees from any balanced BST?

Given any perfectly balanced binary search tree, is it always possible to assign a coloring to the nodes so that it becomes a Red-Black tree? If so, how do you prove this, and if false, what would be ...
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1answer
37 views

AVL tree balance property states for the two subtrees of a node, their height can differ at most one. Why can't it be zero?

I was thinking that if they were equal, say they are required to be zero this would be enforce the balance property more effectively. Can anyone explain why 1 is a satisfactory rather than just them ...
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3answers
1k views

Why is Binary Heap never unbalanced?

My professor asks this question: Binary Search tree has Rotation Method to prevent it from degenerating into a linear structure (unbalanced tree). Why is there no need for such method for Binary Heaps?...
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1answer
73 views

Which binary search trees have constant time rebalancing time at min/max?

Given that I'm already at either the min or the max node of a binary search tree, which balanced variant would require only constant time bottom-up rebalancing after an update (add new min/max, or ...
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0answers
37 views

Finding Binary Search Tree Height, What happens to duplicates?

I'm going over past exam papers with this question: The answer to a). will be (height of 5): For b.): I assume the height function will be to find the height of the tree. So, I will have to compare ...
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0answers
206 views

Tracing BST Pseudocode for Insertion

I'm having real trouble tracing some pseudocode for insetion into a Binary Search Tree. I need to understand this in order to be able to teach it, but I think there are flaws in the material. For ...
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2answers
47 views

Algorithm for searching in BST with only <

How could one construct an algorithm for finding a node in a binary search tree that only requires the presence of $<$ on the key type. The ones I can easily also requires $=$.
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1answer
34 views

Augmenting a tree such that we preserve the insertion operation optimal runtime

Suppose we are given a red-black tree with $n$ vertices with distinct keys and we want to store, as addition information in each vertex $v$, the biggest key out of the keys that are smaller than $v$ (...
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1answer
211 views

Proof that a subtree of a red-black tree has no more than $\frac{3n}{4}$ nodes

I have a red-black tree with $n$ nodes, rooted at $x$. How can I prove or disprove that the number of nodes in any subtree of $x$ (including the root of the subtree) will never be greater than $\frac{...
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1answer
89 views

avl trees rotations question

As you can see in this tree its unbalanced at the root with a balanced factor of $-2$. You can also perform a Right left rotation or a Right Right rotation. Which do you have to pick in this case?
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1answer
157 views

fixing a slightly broken BST tree

I'm stuck on this question, a BST is slightly broken only if there is a node with value x in which : there is at least one value less than x on its right branch or atleast one value greater than x on ...
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1answer
791 views

Binary Search Tree – Number of comparisons when element is not found

I am confused regarding Binary Search Trees (BST) when an element does not exist in the tree. For example, to search for element "6", would it take 5 comparisons to search for this element? My ...
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1answer
711 views

AVL Tree rotations : How to balance below AVL Tree with imbalance at root node

How to balance this AVL tree after inserting node 5, using left/right rotations as indicated in the AVL tree tutorial. I have tried applying both double rotations but with no luck. Either of the ...
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1answer
105 views

Searching in a Binary Search Tree

I'm studying Binary Search Trees (BST) and I would like to verify that my understanding of BSTs is correct. For example, let S = [17, -10, 7, 19, 21, 23, -13, 31, 59]. Binary Search Tree for S, with ...
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2answers
141 views

BST - Sufficient condition for connecting a node to a parent

Let's assume that we have a binary search tree with node Y that hasn't a right child and for whom a successor exists in the tree. I want to prove that if I insert a node X into the tree and node X is ...
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1answer
256 views

How to find the number of Binary Search Trees with given number of nodes and leaves?

With 7 nodes of distinct values (unique), how many Binary search trees (BST) can be formed such that: Exactly $1$ leaf node(s) present? Exactly $2$ leaf nodes present? I was able to solve the first ...
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2answers
301 views

Deriving the average depth for a randomly generated binary search tree

If $D(n)$ is the internal path length (sum of the depths of all nodes) for some tree $T$ with $n$ nodes then we have the following recurrence relation: $$D(n)=D(i)+D(n-i-1)+N-1$$ where I simply taken ...
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2answers
5k views

Calculation of Inorder Traversal Complexity

I want to analyze complexity of traversing a BST. I directly thought that its complexity as $O(2^n)$ because there are two recursive cases. I mean $T(n) = constants + 2T(n-1)$. However, AFAI research ...
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1answer
174 views

All the possible inputs for a given AVL tree

Given an AVL tree,what are the possible inputs so that the same given tree is formed(please dont mention brute force technique)?
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1answer
94 views

The validity of the potential function for splay tree

The paper "Self-Adjusting Binary Search Trees" defines (Page 658) the potential function for analyzing the amortized cost of a sequence of $m$ splay operations as the sum of the ranks of all nodes in ...