Questions tagged [complexity-classes]
Questions about relationships between complexity classes.
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Why is $BPP^{NP}$ in the polynomial hierarchy?
Why is $BPP^{NP}$ in the polynomial hierarchy?
I know that $BPP$ is contained in $NP^{NP}$, so $BPP$ is inside $PH$. Should I just simply reuse the proof of $BPP\subset NP^{NP}$, feed in each machine ...
-3
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0answers
19 views
complexity proof [duplicate]
For the following items, LA and LB are languages over alphabet Σ such that LA ≠ Σ*, LB ≠ Σ*, LA ≠ φ and LB ≠ φ.
If LB ∈ P, then LA ∩ LB ≤P LA.
If LB ∈ P, then LA U LB ≤P LA.
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0answers
30 views
is this given language in class P? [duplicate]
i was wondering:
is this language in class P?
$NONDISJOINT_{DFA}\:=\:\left\{<A,B> |\:A\:and\:B\:are\:DFAS\:and\:L\left(A\right)\:\cap L\left(b\right)\:\ne \varnothing \right\}$
explanation: a ...
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1answer
23 views
Can CNF with an input string be evaluated in logarithmic space?
I have been trying to solve satisfiability of
{$<c, w>$ | $c$ is a CNF and $w$ is a binary string which satifies the $c$}.
As first looks to me, it is satisiable in linear time ($O(n)$) since ...
2
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0answers
23 views
On the robustness of BQP class
Typically the notion of quantum Turing machine is introduced with its transition function.
$$
\delta:Q\times \Gamma\rightarrow \mathbb{C'}^{Q\times \Gamma\times\{L,R,0\}}
$$
Where $\mathbb{C}'\...
1
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1answer
22 views
Changing probabilities to 0/1 in definition of class IP
A language $L$ belongs to $\mathbf{IP}$ if there exists $V,P$ such that for all $Q$, $w$,
$$w\in L\Rightarrow Pr[V\leftrightarrow P\text{ accepts }w]\geq2/3$$
$$w\notin L\Rightarrow Pr[V\...
3
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1answer
50 views
If $NP\subseteq DTIME[n^{O(\log n)}]$ then what happens?
If $NP\subseteq DTIME[n^{O(\log n)}]$ then what happens? Does it imply $NP\neq EXP$? Is there any other consequences such as $BPP\neq EXP$? Does it also give $PSPACE\subseteq DTIME[n^{O(\log n)}]$?
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0answers
29 views
Reduction of complement from complexity class co-np and p
Let P $ \neq $ NP.
D is in the complexity class co-NP.
B is in the complexity class P.
Let $ \bar{D} $ be the complement of D, then $\bar{D} $ $\leq _ {p} $ B.
Is this statement true or false? My ...
1
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1answer
19 views
Show: “Checking no solution for system of linear equations with integer variables and coefficients” $\in \mathbf{NP}$
I've been struggling for a while trying to solve this problem:
Show that the following problem is in $\mathbf{NP}$:
Check that a system of linear equations with $m$ integer variables and
integer ...
1
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1answer
32 views
Proof of proposition between Precise Turing Machine and Proper Complexity function
In "Computational Complexity" textbook by C. H. Papadimitriou, p. 141, he proved the following claim.
Proposition 7.1: Let there be a DTM/NDTM M that decides a language L within time/space $f(n)$, ...
1
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2answers
30 views
NP-hardness does not imply lower bound, strictly speaking?
A problem is NP-hard iff every NP problem can be polynomially-time reduced to it.
Hardness is often intuitively explained as a lower bound. But it isn't, strictly ...
1
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0answers
8 views
$NC$ and $FNC$ oracles low for functional and Stockemeyer classes respectively?
We know $P^{NC}=P$ and $FP^{FNC}=FP$ hold. Do $FP^{NC}=FP$ and $P^{FNC}=P$ hold?
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1answer
10 views
Alternative formulation of complexity class $BPP$
In Aurora and Barak, they give the following alternative definition of $BPP$:
What is the meaning of the subscript to $Pr$? Is that $Pr_{r \in_R \{0,1\}^{p(|x|)}}$? My guess is this is supposed to ...
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0answers
13 views
Other problems in UP and co-UP
Are there any known problems in $UP \cap co-UP$ other than integer factorization and parity games (or a problem that can be reduced in polynomial time to either problem), that aren't known to be in $P$...
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1answer
46 views
Why all problems are not in P complexity?
İf Somebody wants to play perfect chess.I consider for finding solution to this problem,possible minimum data compression method which describes with 10 bit maximum possible data is in the range of 2^...
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0answers
20 views
Complexity class without fixed-poly size circuit
$PP$ is shown to have no fixed-poly size circuit by Vinodchandran.
Bounded inside the polynomial hierarchy, $\Sigma^2_p$ is also shown to possess no fixed-poly size circuit by Kannan.
In notation, ...
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0answers
30 views
$\mathbb{NEXP\subseteq(NEXP\cap coNEXP)/poly}\implies \mathbb{NEXP=NEXP\cap coNEXP}$
We already know that $NEXP\subseteq EXP/poly\implies NEXP=EXP$. What if we change $EXP$ to $NEXP\cap coNEXP$.
As the title states, prove the statement in the title.
The original proof use the self-...
0
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1answer
18 views
What if an $L$-complete problem has $NC^1$ circuits? More generally, what evidence is there against $NC^1=L$?
What if an $L$-complete problem has $NC^1$ circuits? More generally, what evidence is there against $NC^1=L$?
2
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1answer
40 views
Relationship between complexity classes XP and W[1]?
I am reading the introductory chapter in Parameterized Algorithms by Cygan et al. and I am having some problems with the distinction between complexity classes $\mathsf{W[1]}$ and $\mathsf{XP}$.
...
4
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1answer
222 views
Is exponentiation in P?
I think the following problem belong to class P, but I don't know how I can prove it, could somebody help me?
Inputs: two numbers $(a,b) \in \mathbb{N}$
Output: $a^b$
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1answer
36 views
Will such an algorithm be feasible, will it be considered a poly time algorithm?
Given a p-digit number n, where p is atleast 500, if we have an algorithm whose computational complexity is in the worst case,
$O(p\mathrm{log}(p))$,
will it be counted as a poly time algorithm ? Or ...
0
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1answer
134 views
Modular exponentiation running time
I read on Wikipedia that modular exponentiation can be done in polynomial time. I've a few questions regarding it (sorry if they seem a bit easy – I'm not a comp sci student).
Is it poly ...
1
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1answer
34 views
If a language is contained in other langauge, is it of the same complexity?
If some language $L$ is in P, and some other language $K$ is contained in $L$, does that mean that $K$ is also in P?
Thanks :)
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1answer
18 views
$\mathrm{strict}$-$\mathrm{SUBEXP} \subset \mathrm{P}/\mathrm{poly} \implies \mathrm{strict}$-$\mathrm{SUBEXP} \subset \mathrm{MA}$
Is anyone able to give a concise proof for the implication stated in the title? This is gonna be in stark contrast to this question.
For definition of $\mathrm{strict}$-$\mathrm{SUBEXP}$, see here.
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1answer
105 views
P=NP giving a deterministic algorithm for SAT
I'm trying to prove the following problem:
Prove that if $P=NP$ then there is a polynomial time algorithm for the following problem:
INPUT: A boolean formula $\phi$.
OUTPUT: A satisfying ...
1
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1answer
24 views
Hardness of $2$ edge-disjoint spanning trees decomposition
The question is clear from the title. What is the complexity of the following decision problem:
Input: An undirected graph $G(V, E)$
Output: $\mathrm{YES}$ if $G$ can be decomposed into two ...
2
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1answer
99 views
Show that RP is closed under concatenation
I'm trying to prove the following problem:
Show that $RP$ is closed under concatenation
Now, let's say that the two languages are $L_{1}$ and $L_{2}$ (both in $RP$). Then I accept a word iff the ...
1
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1answer
58 views
Looking for a problem provably not in P
My basic position is that everything is in P. Then comes the time hierachy theorem and EXP. That's easy: simulate and then diagonalize. After that comes EXP-completeness; that's difficult to swallow. ...
2
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1answer
27 views
Is there a complexity class “BQP without error”?
I was wondering if there is a complexity class for problems that can be solved efficiently by a quantum computer such that it always gives the right answer? For example the Deutsch-Josza algorithm ...
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0answers
24 views
What if $PSPACE$ falls to non-uniformity?
We know if every language in $EXP$ has polysize circuits, then $P\neq NP$ and $EXP=PSPACE=\Sigma_2^P\cap\Pi_2^P$.
If every language in $PSPACE$ has polysize circuits, then does it give anything (note ...
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0answers
31 views
Does floor and ceiling in LP implies more than $P=NP$?
We know ability to take floor and ceiling in Linear Programming (LP) implies $P=NP$ (just apply floor and ceiling to variable in $(0,2)$ to get binary variable and from this it follows $0/1$ ...
3
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1answer
93 views
Is $\mathsf{DSPACE}(n)=\mathsf{DSPACE}(n/\log\log n)$?
We know that $\mathsf{DSPACE}(\log\log n) = \mathsf{DSPACE}(1)$ according to this proof.
Can we claim that $\mathsf{DSPACE}(n)=\mathsf{DSPACE}(n/\log\log n)$ or something like $\mathsf{DSPACE}(n^3)=\...
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1answer
39 views
Question on time hierarchy [closed]
How can I prove that $\mathsf{DTIME}^{\mathrm{Htm}}(n^2)$ is contained in $\mathsf{DTIME}^{\mathrm{Htm}}(n^3)$?
(sorry about how it is written. I mean the set of languages decided by a deterministic ...
2
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0answers
26 views
Do undecidable problems have no HO query? If so, could I have an example?
In descriptive complexity, HO corresponds to ELEMENTARY.
ELEMENTARY is a subset of R, so therefore all HO queries are decidable.
Then undecidable problems have no corresponding HO query. Is my ...
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2answers
79 views
Defining decision-problem complexity classes by counting branches of a polynomial-time NTM
This answer on another SE community discusses the concept of a "counting complexity class". As far as I can tell, the author is using that term in a slightly nonstandard way: most sources (PS format) ...
5
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1answer
105 views
Have any natural complexity classes been proven not to be closed under complement?
Many important (non-deterministic) complexity classes like NP are believed not to be closed under complement. But have any of them been proven not to be?
I'm sure one could construct some contrived ...
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1answer
112 views
Assumption: A PSPACE-hard problem can be solved in polynomial time
Under the assumption that a PSPACE-hard problem A can be solved in polynomial time, is the following argumentation valid?
Since every problem in PSPACE can be ...
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0answers
46 views
Decidability of language that contains all TM encodings that accept at least one word
I have a language that contains all encodings of the Turing machines that accept at least one word.
Is this language recursive, recursively enumerable, or neither?
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1answer
91 views
Is $NP\subseteq DTIME(2^{\theta(\sqrt n)})$ never possible?
$DTIME(2^{\sqrt n})$ is not closed under polynomial changes of $n$ however $DTIME(2^{polylog(n)})$ is.
So if $3SAT$ were in $DTIME(2^{polylog(n)})$ then $NP\subseteq DTIME(2^{polylog(n)})$ holds.
...
0
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2answers
70 views
From $P=NP$ to $NP=NL$
Does $P=NP$ implies $3SAT$ reduces to $2SAT$?
If so then from $2SAT$ is $NL$-complete can we conclude $NP=NL$?
2
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1answer
40 views
Is it known that $AC^1 \subseteq L$?
A good exercise is to show $NC^1 \subseteq L$. (According to the complexity zoo page this was first shown by Borodin, 1977.) Although the details must be checked, the proof is simple: take the $NC^1$ ...
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1answer
165 views
Is every PSPACE-complete problem complete with respect to logspace reductions?
A remarkable feature of the reduction showing that TQBF (True Quantified Boolean Formulas) is PSPACE-complete is that it actually runs in logspace, i.e. for any $A \in \mathsf{PSPACE}$,
$$
A \le_L ...
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1answer
74 views
On NP and PP in RP?
Does $NP\subseteq RP\implies NP=RP$?
Does $PP\subseteq RP\implies \oplus P=NP=RP$?
At least what additional minimal conditions will give truth of above?
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1answer
25 views
Complexity for nested #P?
Consider a problem such as weighted model counting for propositional logic. The problem of enumerating all models M of a logic formula ...
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2answers
87 views
Should we always think of problems higher in the polynomial hierarchy as harder than problems lower in the hierarchy?
This "research vignette" (whatever that is) claims that the polynomial hierarchy
classifies problems according to a natural notion of logical complexity, and is defined with an infinite number of ...
2
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1answer
51 views
Comparison between MA and $P^{NP}$
I am aware that $MA \subseteq ZPP^{NP} \subseteq \Sigma_2^{P}\cap \Pi_{2}^{P}$ and also $NP^{BPP} \subseteq MA \subseteq AM \subseteq \Pi_{2}^{P}$.
My question is: In this whole thing, where does $P^{...
2
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1answer
99 views
Is complexity class $\Sigma^1_1$ from polynomial hierarchy decidable?
It is within polynomial hierarchy so I assumed it is decidable. The picture like this further hinted in that direction.
Yet, in a paper on page 2 I read
Satisfiability of [...] is highly ...
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1answer
117 views
PSpace-completeness under PSpace reductions
A language $L$ is PSpace-complete, if it meets two conditions:
It is in PSpace.
Every other PSpace-complete language reduces to it in polynomial time.
Question: suppose we change the second ...
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1answer
43 views
$UP=BPP$ implies $UP=RP$?
https://cseweb.ucsd.edu/~mihir/cse200/ss6.pdf shows $NP$ in $BPP$ implies $NP$ in $RP$ by showing $SAT$ is in $RP$ if $NP$ is in $BPP$ and since $SAT$ is $NP$ complete we have $NP$ is in $RP$.
...
2
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1answer
75 views
Why doesn't this put $BPP$ in $NP$?
From Sipser Gacs we know $x\in L(M)$ for a machine $M\in BPP$ $\iff$ $$\exists t_1,\dots,t_{|r|}\forall r\in\{0,1\}^{|r|}\vee_{i\in\{1,\dots,|r|\}}M(x,r\oplus t_i)=1.$$
From Adleman we know $x\in L(M)...
