Questions tagged [counting]
The term Counting in Computer Science is usually used to refer to counting objects in certain arrangements or with certain properties.
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What is the (intuitive) relation of NP-hard and #P-complete problems?
From Wikipedia on $\mathrm{NP}$-completenes: "a [decision] problem is NP-complete if it is both in NP and NP-hard." [link] I think we can paraphrase this as the first statement:
An $\mathrm{...
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Efficiently count distinct in large range
I have a pubsub channel where an event is fired every time a user logs in, and I want to be able to query the unique users in a date range.
Solutions I thought:
Put the data in bigquery, and then use ...
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4
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Algorithm to find number of occurrences in mutually exclusive sets
Given multiple sets of three items, how can I find the most-commonly occurring item among the sets using only one item from each set. The sets don't have duplicates, but if I'm thinking about this ...
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DJNZ command in Universal Register Machine
How do I represent DJNZ command of counting machine via commands of Universal Register Machine, those commands are CLR JNE INC and TR, via this commands i have to represent DJNZ command, any help ...
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Sorted list of counters in constant time
Summary.
A data structure maintains in constant time a sorted list of counter values, for a dynamic set of counters. I am interested in references using this structure, and in possible improvements.
...
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Universal quantification and the number of solutions
How would one count the amount of solutions to quantified formulas that have universal quantifiers? For example, for a boolean formula $\Phi(X)$ with a number of solutions $\#\Phi(X)$ let's construct ...
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Can we show that #3CNF is in FPTAS
If we have a deterministic algorithm $A$ such that $\#3CNF \in APX$, how can we show that there is a fully polynomial deterministic approximation scheme for $\#3CNF$? How can we show that $\#3CNF \in ...
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Does the existence of an $\alpha$-approximation scheme for a problem $f$ imply there exists a fully polynomial (deterministic) approximation scheme?
If you have an $\alpha$-approximation algorithm $A$ for some problem $f \in \#P$, such that (for $0 < \alpha \leq 1$)
$$
\alpha f(x) \leq A(x) \leq \frac{f(x)}{\alpha},
$$
does that automatically ...
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How to count this operation for (int interval = n/2; interval > 0; interval /= 2) using counting primitive operation?
I was confused how to label this for (int interval = n/2; interval > 0; interval /= 2) with counting operation and estimating this operation
so that I can get ...
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Applications of the DGIM algorithm
In the field of mining of data streams the algorithm of Datar-Gionis-Indyk-Motwani (DGIM, M. Datar, A. Gionis, P. Indyk, and R. Motwani, “Maintaining stream statistics over sliding windows,” SIAM J. ...
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Why can’t we use FPRAS for #DNF to estimate #CNF?
Why cant we approximate the number of satisfying assignments of a CNF formula $g$ by first counting the solutions to $\neg g$ (which is in DNF) using the FPRAS for $\#DNF$ and then estimating the $\#g$...
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Counting all subsequences constrained to a condition
I was trying to find all subsequences constrained to the following conditions:
remove element from the end.
remove element from the beginning.
remove element from both sides.
For example, given the ...
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Determining the number of reachable vertices from every vertex in a directed acyclic graph
Let $G = (V, E)$ be a directed acyclic graph, which is quite sparse (in the examples I have in mind, $|E| \approx 10|V|$ or so). For each vertex $v \in V$, let $f(v)$ be the number of vertices ...
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How many functions require precisely $n^2$ gates?
I'm trying to determine an asymptotic bound on the cardinality of the following set of functions. It is the functions with $n$-bit inputs, $\{0,1\}$ output, and requires precisely $n^2$ NAND gates. I'...
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Proving that deterministic approximate counting uses log(n) space
We just saw the Morris algorithm in class and we were asked the following:
In class, we saw a constant factor approximate randomized counting
algorithm with space complexity $O(\log \log n)$, where $...
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Is there a reduction from 2sat to bpm?
Given a 2SAT instance can we convert into bipartite perfect matching in parsimonious reduction?
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Sorting elements into k subarrays
Given are $n$ integer numbers in the range $0$ to $5n$.
A SubSort algorithm organizes the numbers into $k=n/100$ sets,
$s_{1}$, …, $s_{k}$ , each containing $100$ numbers, such that the
following ...
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Determine if for given some $L$, $S_L={L(M) : <M>\in L}$ then for any $L$, if $S_L=RE$ then $L\in R$ is True or False and explain
Determine if for given some $L$, $S_L=\{\ L(M) | <M>\in L \}$ then for any
$L$, if $S_L=RE$ then $L\in R$. Correct or Incorrect and explain why.
I think the claim is incorrect, and I'm trying ...
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Find the total no. of strings ( len n ) possible given a set of sets of letters such that no two letter from a single set should be in that string
This was an algorithm problem but I am having problems in formulating it.
I have a certain approach but I do not know how to fully execute:
Given
26 letters in total
All possible strings of length n
...
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How can we count the number of pairs of coprime integers in an array of integers? (CSES)
For reference, I am trying to solve this CSES Problem.
The problem basically states that given up to $10^5$ positive integers in the range $[1, 10^6]$, find the number of pairs of those positive ...
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Count of different ways to express N as the sum of given numbers
I'm working on a case and I need some help :)
I need to find number of ways and solutions itself to express N as the sum of given numbers.
So, Sum (N) = 600 and the numbers from which I need to get ...
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Model Counting for Sum of Conjunctive Formulas
Problem:
Let $X=\{x_1, ..., x_N \}$ be a set of binary variables. Each variable can be assigned to either $0$ or $1$ so there are $2^N$ possible assignments.
Input: We are given a positive integer $C$ ...
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Why does my code work: bijecting binary trees to Dyck paths
The number of Dyck paths (paths on a 2-d discrete grid where we can go up and down in discrete steps that don't cross the y=0 line) where we take $n$ steps up and $n$ steps down follows the Catalan ...
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Counting substrings that belong to a regular language
Given a regular language $L$ and a string $x$ give an efficient algorithm to count the occurrences of substrings $x[i,j] \in L$.
More in particular, I am looking for a linear time algorithm in the ...
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Number of substrings possible with even characters
Consider a string 'ABBAA'
Possible substrings with even number of characters are $4$
'ABBA' : Count of 'A' is even and 'B' is even
'AA' : Count of 'A' is even and 'B' is even - ($0$)
Similarly 'BB' ...
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Is there a #$P$-complete counting problem such that every (valid) instance of its decision version is a Yes-instance?
I want to know whether there is a decision problem, written EasyProblem, satisfying the follow property:
For every valid instance $x$, $x$ is a Yes-instance for EasyProblem (if we construct ...
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#perfectMatchings is self-reducible
How can one show that the counting problem:
Given a graph, output the number of perfect matchings
Is self reducible?
I found a hint in Moore's Chapter on Counting, Sampling and Statistical Physics:
...
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What is the solve of F(n,n) = F(n-1,n) + F(n, n-1) + 1 Where F(0,a) = 1 and F(a, 0) = 1 for every a
I'm given the following python function:
...
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Counting paths by their type
An edge-labelled directed graph is the data of $G = (V, E, l)$ where $(V, E)$ is a directed graph, and $l \colon E \to \mathbb{P}$ is some function. (For the graph I am considering, labels take values ...
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Iterate unique sets of integers
I'm trying to figure out of if there's a way to generate all unique sets of integers of length K, where each member has an upper bound of N, and a lower bound of M, without tracking which sets have ...
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Efficient Algorithm to Find the n-th Odious Number
An odious number is defined as an integer that has odd binary Hamming weight. I need an implementation of algorithm that finds the nth odious number, preferably recursive. Any ideas? A python script ...
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Polynomial time counter of solutions of 2SAT expression with pure literals
As per the title, is there any polynomial time algorithm to count the number of satisfying arguments for a 2SAT expression with pure literals? An even shallower case: Is there any such counter when ...
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Count number of ways in which atomic operation(s) of n different processes can be interleaved
PROBLEM: Count the number of ways in which atomic operation(s) of n different processes can be interleaved. A process may crash mid way before completion.
Suppose there are a total of n different ...
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Enumerating every "partnering" without repeating partners
I'm taking a class. In this class every week we have a partner. There are an even number of people in the class. We'd like avoid having repeat partners if possible so that everyone gets to work with ...
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Unambiguous context-free grammar for strings with at least as many a's as b's
I have designed this Grammar but it is ambiguous:
$$S\to aSbS \mid bSaS \mid aS \mid\epsilon$$
Would anyone help me make it unambiguous? Assume the alphabet is $\{a,b\}$.
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Prove that $\#k-colouring$ graph problem is $\#P-complete$
I need to prove, that the $\#k-colouring$ graph problem is $\#P-complete$. I want to construct the reduction from $\#3SAT$ problem, so $\#3SAT \leq \#k-colouring$. The reduction between the counting ...
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Fastest algorithm for finding the number of primes in a range
Is there an algorithm for finding the number of primes in a given range $[N, M)$ that works in time linear to $M-N$? For context, $N$ and $M$ can go up to $10^{10}$, but the distance between N and M ...
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Can all types of computational problems be modeled as decision problems?
Can all types of computational problems (search, counting, optimization...) be modeled as (sets of) decision problems? Rephrased: For every type of computational problem is there a set of decision ...
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To calculate how many times a certain year repeats itself in the calendar within a given year range
Let's say I have a year $Y$. I wanna know how can I calculate the number of times the calendar configuration of the year $Y$ repeats itself in the year range $[A, B]$.
Is there any method to it ...
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Counting triplets from three arrays satisfying the equation x^2 = yz
Let's say I have three arrays of positive integers X, Y and Z. You can assume that each of ...
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Number of permutations of set {1, 2, ..., n} for which insertion sort will perform exactly n permutations
I have had the following problem at my last exam:
For how many permutations of set {1, 2, ..., n} where n > 2 will insertion sort (without guard element) perform exactly n comparisons.
My thinking ...
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Count total number of k length paths in a tree
This is a question from a competitive programming competition.
Given a tree with n nodes and a number k, find the total number of paths of length k in that tree.
I know for a fact that a solution can ...
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How is the set of functions from ${\{a,b\}}$ to $N$ countable?
Assume a set of functions from ${\{a,b\}}$ to $N$
Where $N$ is the set of Natural numbers.
Let us assume that the size of $N$ is $n$.
i.e $|N|=n$
The first element $a$ have $n$ choices for mapping....
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Counting big enough elements
Let $v$ be a vector of positive integers of length $n$. I want to find the highest $k$ such as there are at least $k$ elements of $v$ that are greater or equal to $k$.
What would be the best ...
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Estimating number of points in 1D space
There are some arbitrary-chosen points in 1D space. What needs to be found is the approximate number of them without counting all of them. It is possible to choose some coordinates (numbers) and for ...
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Build a histogram from a very large data sample
I want to calculate a histogram from an array of size N. N is very large.
I know 2 ways to do so:
The naive approach is to ...
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Fastest algorithm to find all the possible paths of length $n$ from a give node in a directed graph?
I am trying to find the fastest algorithm to find all the possible paths of length $N$ from a given node in a directed graph.
My solution is to do a modification of breadth first search from the ...
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Given a set of intervals $(I_n)_n$ contained in $[0, L]$, compute the longest interval in $[0, L]$ which has empty intersection with all $(I_n)_n$
Let be $(I_n)_n$ a set of $p$ intervals each contained in $[0, L]$ for $L \geq 1$.
I define $(J_n = [a_n, b_n])_n$ the set of intervals which have empty intersection with $I_n$ for all $n \in [[1, p]]...
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Calculating Time Complexity of Algorithm Using Incrementor Variable [duplicate]
I am trying to calculate the time complexity of an algorithm using n in the code below.
I have a working solution to a coding challenge to sort a stack using only ...
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