Questions tagged [dependent-types]
An overlapping feature of type theory and type systems.
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Introduction to Calculus of Inductive Constructions
Which books/notes teach Calculus of Inductive Constructions (CIC) without using a specific programming languages like Coq or Lean? I would like a reference that also doesn’t assume (naive) set theory, ...
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How to find a term that proves a given proposition?
I'm reading this book, and there's something basic that I don't exactly get. The authors say that every common noun is declared to be a type. For example, $Human:Type$. Then, they give an example of ...
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Finding an inhabitant of $\Pi x: A.\Pi y:B(x). \ast$
Let $\ast$ stand for "type" and $\square$ stand for "kind" so that $\ast:\square$. Suppose I want to find an inhabitant of $\Pi x: A.\Pi y:B(x). \ast$. The derivation rules are ...
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What types can be written in Kind but not Lean?
The Kind programming language has a sufficiently powerful type system to support proving theorems like in Lean, Coq, Idris, or Agda. I've seen it said that Kind has an even more powerful type system ...
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Can the Calculus of Constructions (without inductives) be used to axiomatize mathematics?
I'm aware that proof assistants like Coq and Agda are based on CIC rather than CoC because there is e.g. no inductive natural number type in CoC. Therefore, for example the proof that addition is ...
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What are some examples of proofs that are also themselves "useful" programs?
With dependent types, types can be statements that are true or false and constructing a value with that type constitutes a proof of that statement. This proof/value construction is itself a program ...
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What is an explanation of the replace operator in the Pie language?
This is the first concept in The Little Typer to give me quite a bit of trouble, and it appears I am not alone (1 2), so perhaps it would be beneficial to ask here. Hopefully this can be connected ...
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What are strong examples of programming languages whose type systems don't embed into their native type theory?
Given a typical popular programming language, its native type theory is a dependent type theory which describes invariants, preconditions, predicates, and other generalizations of typical type-system ...
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Relationship between cartesian product and dependent product type
Introduction:
Hi, I'm quite new to types so apologies in advance for the basic question and for any abuse of terminology. I believe I have a critical misunderstanding of dependent product types (and ...
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Proving transitivity in an intuitionistic type theory without the K rule
In Agda, if I disable axiom $\mathbb{K}$ I'm not able to prove
$$
\forall\{A : \textbf{Set}\}\{a\ b : A\}\{p\ q : a \equiv b\} \to p \equiv q,
$$
which I guess is normal since the system does not ...
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How to specify a type for a SQL-like query?
What follows is a pretty complicated object (in an object-oriented, imperative, typed language), which I would like to create a type for with some sort of type annotations. I am open to how it is done,...
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What is the runtime/time complexity of Coq’s (Dependent) Type Inference?
I remember learning in a class that type inference is decidable but usually takes a long time (e.g. type inference in OCaml is EXPTIME).
I was wondering, since Coq allows programs/values themselves to ...
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What is the runtime (time complexity) of Type Inference in Simply Typed Lambda Calculus?
I was told that the runtime of OCAML or Scala is EXPTIME - which seems really bad! However, since people use type inference (deciding the type of a term or program or expression) in practice - it must ...
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Why does the CwF definition require a set of types under a context rather than a class of types?
In "Syntax and Semantics of Dependent Types" at the top of page 24, Martin Hoffman describes $\mathit{Ty}_{\mathcal C}(\Gamma)$ as the collection of semantic types under context $\Gamma$.
It ...
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"Universe-shrinking" function in Agda
Agda does not allow datatypes in one universe to be indexed by, or non-trivially parametrized by a type in a larger universe (strangely, Coq does not appear to require this for propositional ...
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Is it possible to recover induction for nat from W-types?
W-types generalize the type of well-founded trees, i.e., possibly infinetely branching trees. I understand that inductive types may be encoded as such in dependent type theory (CIC, MLTT, etc), this ...
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Data + data schema needs dependent types to be type-checked statically?
I will set this question in a very practical way. Let's say we have a web-form data received as JSON at the backend together with the schema (for instance, some version of JSON schema), something like:...
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Why does universe level restriction behave differently between inductive family and parameterized inductive type without axiom K in agda
An observation when defining List in agda with --without-K enabled:
The following parameterized inductive definition is accepted:...
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Is mutual inductive type definition essential in coq core language?
I'm studying Coq's core language and I found that mutual inductive type definition is in it.
https://coq.inria.fr/refman/language/core/inductive.html#theory-of-inductive-definitions
Before I read the ...
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Resources for implementing dependent type theory
I want to implement Martin Löf's intuitionistic type theory in a functional language such as Haskell, preferably also implementing a lexer/parser for the language. How should I start approaching it? ...
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Resources for connections between dependent type theory and LCCC
Can someone recommend introductory articles/papers on the connections between dependent type theory and locally cartesian closed category? Many Thanks!
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Is there a computer language with optional dependent types?
I'm looking for a computer langauge with "dependent types" but...
The problem with it having a full implementation is that you end up having to write formal type proofs to get even anything ...
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Relationship between inductive families and type-returning functions
Dependently typed languages such as Agda support inductive families, also called indexed datatypes, which allow type parameters to vary between constructors. This can be used to define a set of ...
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Is occurrence typing (flow-sensitive typing) a form of dependent typing?
I take occurrence typing to be typing that "... allows the type system to ascribe more precise types based on whether a [check] succeeds or fails." (adapted from the Racket docs with "...
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Which language is used to construct a type system?
Typically, OCaml and Scala seem to be used for designing any programming languages tool. But what features offer them an edge over other languages.
A related question, is a type system for a language ...
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How to express a type that represents an associative array whose keys determine the type of the value?
I'm fairly new to type systems and theory, so I would appreciate some guidance in a problem that sparked my interest.
I would like to understand what type system features are required so a compiler ...
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How does this dependently-typed boolean elimination function work?
In the companion code to A Tutorial Implementation of a Dependently Typed Lambda Calculus
- prelude.lp - there is a rather intimidating definition of a ...
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Does Type:Type lead to inconsistency without general inductive types?
In e.g. Agda , it is possible to derive an element of the empty type by enabling the "type in type" option.
Every proof I have seen (and come up with) involves making a special inductive type ...
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When is cumulative type universes useful?
AFAIK, a hierarchy of type universe(Type^0: Type^1: Type^2: ...) was introduced to avoid inconsistency caused by Type: Type.
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Simulating extensible sums with dependent types?
ML-style languages have a concept of "extensible" or "open" sum types, where variants can be declared at any point, and there's not a fixed number of constructors for the type. They're usually used to ...
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Rules for consistency with mutual inductive families?
I'm trying to use a proof assistant to define a type and a relation that are mutually dependent on each other:
...
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Is this statement of P = NP in Agda correct?
Looking for a self-contained statement of P = NP in type theory, I stumbled upon this short Agda formalization (a cleaned up version is reproduced below).
The statement here does seem to express the ...
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How is substitution in type theory the composition of classifying morphisms in category theory?
In the article at nlab about relation between category theory and type theory, it is said that substitution in type theory is the same as composition of classifying morphisms in category theory.
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Why does Coq include let-expressions in its core language
Coq includes let-expressions in its core language.
We can translate let-expressions to applications like this:
let x : t = v in b ~> (\(x:t). b) v
I understand ...
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Calculus of constructions, type-in-type and recursion
Does adding type-in-type to the calculus of constructions lead to (general) recursion? Such that one can write the Y combinator.
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What does canonicity property mean in Type Theory?
The "Computational Component" section of the Type Theory - Wikipedia (as well as a few papers about cubical type theory and 2d type theory) talk about canonicity property.
Would you please explain ...
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Difference between computation in proposition proof and definitional computation?
As stated in equality at nLab, "computational equality" is about computational steps which take for example, $s(s(0))+ s(0)$ to $s(s(s(0)))$ and it acts exactly and can be considered same as ...
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Why values can not be replaced with their extensionally equal values in an intensional system?
Thomas Streicher states in Investigations into Intensional Type Theory(§Introduction p.5) that:
Although in Intensional constructive set theory (Intensional Type Theory) one can do most of the ...
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Definition of extensional and propositional equality in Martin-Lof extensional type theory
Martin Hofmann states in Extensional Concepts in Intensional Type Theory (§1.1 p.[4-5]) that:
A similar situation occurs in extensional Martin-Lof type theory where propositional and definitional ...
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Definitional equality of two propositions about propositional equality
Martin Hofmann states in Extensional Concepts in Intensional Type Theory (§1.1 p.3) that:
It is important that definition equality is pervasive so if M and N are definitionally equal then P(M) is ...
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What untyped term inhabits induction on natural numbers in CoC?
Induction on Church-encoded natural numbers (which I will call indNat) can not be defined within the Calculus of Constructions.
If we assumed ...
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Propositional truncation of excluded middle
It is clear to me that it should be impossible to prove :
exclMidl = isProp A → ((A) ⊎ (¬ A))
Because it would give deciding oracle for every Proposition.
My ...
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Does dependent type checkers need to store lambda parameter type in their core language?
"Core language" refers to the exported well-typed terms that can be evaluated (or reduced).
In the core language of MiniAgda, a dependently-typed language, the parameter type of a lambda is not ...
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Is it possible to interpret some Martin-Löf types as abelian monoids in such a way that any abelian monoid can be represented as a type?
For instance, I can interpret the unit type as the trivial monoid with one element. Non-dependent pairs $A \times B$ can be interpreted as the direct sum $A ⊕ B$ when $A$ and $B$ can both be ...
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Identity types and universes
Let us consider Martin-Löf type theory with a cumulative hierarchy of universes
$$
\mathcal{U}_0\colon\mathcal{U}_1\colon\ldots
$$
If $A, B\colon \mathcal{U}_i$, we can form an identity type $A=_{\...
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Dependent type system with different computation model
There exist various Turing-equivalent models of computation, such as lambda calculus, Turing machines, or register machines.
It seems that dependent type systems (like Coq, Agda, Idris, homotopy type ...
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Where are C++ templates inside of the lambda cube?
C++ templates have type variables and can express lambdas, so they must have System F embedded. But is that exactly where they are located in the lambda cube? Can C++ templates produce new types or ...
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Does co-inductive and co-recursive types also have their recursors?
I'm new to type theory, and recently read introductory materials where dependent type are discussed. One of my friend asked me, "Those dependent types are having recursors & 'inductors'(dependent ...
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Are there any interesting terms in pure LF or $\lambda\Pi$?
In my searching, I've seen that if Church numerals are encoded in a dependently typed Lambda calculus, that we can't derive induction or that $0 \neq 1$.
I know that LF and the dependently typed ...
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