Questions tagged [digital-circuits]
Digital circuits use logic gates as the basic building block. A logic gate performs a logical operation on binary inputs and produces a single binary output. The Primary Logical operations are AND (conjunction), OR (disjunction) and NOT (negation).
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n (mod k) circuit
I wondered if, for a fixed integer k ≥ 3, the divisibility by k is in P/poly.
How can I construct a boolean circuit for each n ∈ N, that takes as input an n-bit integer x and outputs whether 3|x?
The ...
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Ideal less-than-or-equal circuit for multiple inputs?
I'm interested in what the best way is to design a circuit that takes multiple values as input, and then outputs which value is the lowest. If multiple values are the lowest, it outputs "true&...
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Logical circuit for priority resolution in interrupt controllers (with configurable priority, not fixed)
I'm interested in what the typical solution is for priority resolution in interrupt controllers. I assume a hardware logic circuit is used, and not software. For interrupt controllers with fixed ...
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The definitions of terms in $P=CV^2f$
My textbook gives the equation for the power dissipation
$$ P=CV^2 f $$
but after reading it a couple times, I can't get very clear on exactly what each of these is measuring. It describes $P$ as the ...
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SOP Boolean expression of state variable and output of a Moore FSM
Disclaimer: I'm studying for an exam, but I don't have to hand in anything.
I have the state transition diagram of the FSM and its states encoding:
I want to find the sum-of-products (SOP) Boolean ...
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How do you write a logic function to determine if one 2s complement binary number is less than another?
Working on logic design in class, and I'm trying to figure out how to write a specific logic function [and by write, I mean something along the lines of (x NOR y) OR (a NOR b), for example]
It asks to ...
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Did Jon von Neumann know about Claude Shannon's work when he wrote the "First Draft of a Report on the EDVAC?"
In the "First Draft" JvN described an adder circuit to do binary addition, which was a much faster way of doing computer addition than using decimal lookup tables as the ENIAC had done. JvN'...
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How do I implement x2 and ÷2 in Digital, and what does this exactly mean in terms of circuits? This question is for the arithmetic unit
So the first picture is an example arithmetic unit I have to implement using Digital.
The second picture is all the work I have done, however I am stuck on the meaning and implementation of x2 and ÷2.
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K-Maps (Digital Logic, Computer System Architecture)
While i was going thru my course in Computer System Architecture (book taken Morris Mano) , I saw a question on KMaps can be solved in either of the ways but couldn't get which one to use when :-
I’m ...
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Combinational logic check if bits is prime
I wonder if there's Digital Logic Circuit (using combinatorial logic gates) that check if number is prime or not.
For example given input fixed 8-bit that will produce 1-bit output.
00000101 will ...
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Need to define output functions from logic circuit
i was given a this circuit as exam question
So we need to define functions g and f. I defined them as $g(x,y,z) = x \oplus y \oplus z$ and $f(x,y,z) = (x \oplus y) \cdot z$. By definition known that ...
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How are instructions from software sent to digital circuit in cpu?
I am studying computer architecture in my university and there is something that's troubling me. I get the bigger picture of how instructions are executed in the fetch - execute cycle and the complete ...
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A query regarding Definition of Circuit Family and Languages
This is a query regarding the definition of Circuit Family and Language (in the same Context). The textbook definitions of each are:
Language: A function whose inputs and outputs are a finite bit of ...
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Alu architecture of a Hack Computer
I'm currently studying the ALU architecture (of a Hack computer) and how it works.
As part of my assignments, I have been asked the following question:
If we want the ALU to compute the function y-1, ...
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How many functions require precisely $n^2$ gates?
I'm trying to determine an asymptotic bound on the cardinality of the following set of functions. It is the functions with $n$-bit inputs, $\{0,1\}$ output, and requires precisely $n^2$ NAND gates. I'...
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Make the forward counter go down
Suppose, I have a 4-bit binary Incrementor that uses XOR gates to increment the inputted number by the value of 1 (b0001, to be precise).
Suppose, we connect it to 4 D-Flip-Flops (DFF) to create a ...
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What is combinational circuit?
I'm reading the Digital Design and Computer Architecture by David Harris, Sarah Harris. The authors give the following definition of combinational logic:
A combinational circuit’s outputs depend only ...
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How do I compute the power consumption of a DRAM refresh?
Given a DRAM-based memory system with a total capacity of $x$ bytes, $y$ DRAM rows and a refresh time of $t$ milliseconds, how do I compute the power consumption for one DRAM refresh? I couldn't find ...
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What is the intuitive logic behind the working of the Variable Entered K-Map (VEM)?
In this site here they have just said how to minimize a function using VEM. But no intuitive logic behind the same has been stated, making it too mechanical. And I am very bad at memorizing things, so ...
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is duality principle in boolean algebra is true for every expression
Let say A = 1 and B = 1
and then A+B = 1
now by using duality(replacing or gate by and gate and 1 by 0) we can say that, A.B = 0
but this is not 0, because 1.1 = 1, so please anyone clear my ...
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Karnaugh Map: does maximal overlap always produce simplest boolean expression?
Suppose I have a 4x4 Karnaugh map with a few cells that are don't cares, and there are two ways of producing 3 groups of 4 cells. One of these ways overlaps groupings more that the other. Is one way ...
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Proof of universality in the circuit model
I'm starting to study Turing machines, the Church-Turing conjecture and the circuit model. In particular, I'm interested in the proofs of universality that one can find in this context. So far, I have ...
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Building an ALU on nandgame's website
I'm working on nandgame's website found here. I'm working on the ALU and here is an image of my implementation:
My Implementation:
And I compared it to this website's solution:
Solution
However when ...
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How to calculate the output frequency of this counter?
The present state Q2,Q1,Q0 of the counter before applying the clock pulse was (101). If the input Clock frequency to the circuit is 100KHz, then the output frequency of the circuit will be ?
My ...
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What can this circuit be useful for?
I have calculated the boolean functions for $r$ and $f$:
$f = \overline{s_1} \cdot s_0 + s_1 \cdot \overline{s_0}$.
$r = \overline{s_0 \cdot s_1 \cdot s_2 \cdot s_3}$.
Do you have an idea what an ...
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How does the structure of a Luk-Vuillemin multiplier differ from a Wallace or Dadda multiplier?
I've read that Luk-Vuillemin multipliers are similar to Wallace multipliers but partition their inputs in a different way. How exactly does this partitioning work, how does it change the structure of ...
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Full adder carry expression
I'm learning about logic circuits and I've come across full adder. In the book they derived its two carry out expressions -
Cout = x&&y || x&&z || y&&z
and
Cout = x&&...
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Is this truth table possbile
I am trying to figure out if this truth table is possible. I've tried inverting the numbers, adding them, subtracting them, but I still cant find anything that works. I am starting to think that this ...
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How do you compute and compare the delays between a (4:2) compressor and (3,2) counter carry save tree?
My question: How is Table 6.8 shown below computed for different operands? For example, for 3 operands how did they compute:
Number of levels using (3,2) = 1
Number of levels using (4;2) = 1
...
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Which gates are “pre computation” universal?
In the following, by “functions” I will mean 2 input 1 output Boolean logic functions (for conciseness).
A function is called “universal” if by using it (sometimes multiple times, chained together), ...
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Minimizing a multiple output circuit with K-maps - and without
I'm currently working on learning to minimize a circuit which has multiple outputs using K-maps. My universities script seems rather unhelpful to me which left me in a spot where I have a very rough ...
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Minimum number of bits to represent negative number
Minimum number of bits required to represent $(+32)_{base10}$ and $(-32)_{base10}$ in signed two's compliment form?
My attempt:
32 = 0100000 ( 1st zero - sign bit as positive)
So to represent +32 we ...
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Minimize circuit functions
$\begin{array}{rrrr | rr }
0& 0 & 0 & 0 & 1 &1 &1 &1 &1 & 1&0 \\
0& 0 & 0 & 1 & 0 &1 &1 &0 &0 & 0&0 \\
0& 0 & 1 &...
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Addition of 3 bits using Full Adder when the initial carry bit is 0
How do I add 3 bits using full adder and basic gates, when the initial carry bit is 0??
I have tried using two full adders where two terminals of the first adder gets the first two inputs then the ...
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Hamming code distance and error detection
Suppose that data are transmitted in blocks of sizes 1000 bits. What is the maximum
error rate under which error detection and retransmission mechanism (1 parity bit per
block) is better than using ...
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Prime Implicants in Boolean Function
A Boolean function $F(X_1, X_2, X_3, X_4, X_5, X_6)$ of six
variables is defined as $F = 1$, when three or more input variables are at logic 1. otherwise 0.
How many essential prime implicants does F ...
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Efficient method for generating the smoothing function
The smoothing function of a boolean function with respect to one of its variables is the disjunction of its cofactors. For example given a Boolean function F(a,b,c) the cofactors with respect to a are ...
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Minimum no. of flip flops for the given sequence
We want to design a synchronous counter that counts the sequence
0-1-0-2-0-3 and then repeats. The minimum number of flip-flops
required to implement this counter is________
According to me, the ...
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Simplifying SOP: implementing OR with NAND
I am learning how to implement basic logic gates using NAND. I have learnt that you can use De Morgan's theorem as such:
$a+b = \bar{\bar a} + \bar{\bar b} = \overline{(\bar a *\bar b)}$
In other ...
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Register output glitches and memory writes
When changing the write enable signal, of a memory element, from 1 to 0, what effect does the pipeline's register's output glitch have? Glitch that all of digital logic has, for the time of ...
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Number of literals in the given boolean expression
Count the number of literals in the following expression :
F = AB' + BC' + CD' + DE'
According to me, the answer should be 8. But my solution suggests that the answer should be 6. Can anyone help me ...
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What is the behavior of the given counter?
I found the following question -
For the circuit shown in the figure, the delay of the bubbled NAND gate is 2ns and that of the counter is assumed to be zero
If the clock (Clk) frequency is 1GHz, ...
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How to make counters for irregular integral pattern?
I can easily make counter for consecutive numbers. But for patterns, described in below question, I'm quite unsure about my approach.
Question - We want to design a synchronous counter that ...
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Analog circuits for neural networks?
Neural networks in machine learning are inherently a continuous model of computation. Yet we use digital logic circuits with floating point numbers to "emulate" this continuity.
I am wondering: is ...
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Trick/insight to I implement given boolean function with minimum numbers of given gate
I solved bunch of questions which give some function and then ask to implement it with minimum number of gates of specific type, each having specific number inputs. I was making mistakes in all those ...
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SIMD Utilization
Can anyone help me understanding this exercise?
We define the SIMD utilization of a program run on a GPU as the fraction of SIMD lanes that are kept busy with active threads during the run of a ...
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Carry Look Ahead Adder for stabilize the sum
An four-bit carry-look-ahead adder for computing the sum of 2 numbers
, where A and B are integers represented in 2's complement form. If the decimal value of A is 3, the decimal value of B that leads ...
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What is Control ROM and Decision ROM?
I have done some research but I cannot answer this question. Please Help.
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Logic Gates in circuits
We can make all the gates using nand or nor gates. My teacher told us that nand gates are cheap too, then why do we need other gates at all?
