Questions tagged [functional-programming]
Functional programming is a programming paradigm which primarily uses functions as means for building abstractions and expressing computations that comprise a computer program.
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Why does higher-order abstract syntax need an inverse to define catamorphisms?
In the introduction to the colorfully-named Boxes Go Bananas: Encoding Higher-Order Abstract Syntax with Parametric Polymorphism, Washburn and Weirich describe a problem in traditional formulations of ...
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1answer
23 views
How does the function to curry and uncurrying another function work?
The following is the code to curry or uncurry a function in Haskell:
...
5
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1answer
272 views
How to write a coterminating, effectful program?
[Using Idris for code examples and terminology, but the question is not about Idris per se]
In a post titled A Neighborhood of Infinity, @sigfpe argues that "the kind of open-ended loop we see in ...
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30 views
Evaluation of function
Is this the right approach to the question or am I off-track?
Function:
let rec collect f = function
| [] -> []
| x::xs -> f x @ collect f xs;;
Question:
...
2
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1answer
43 views
Can most programs (except the IO part) be re-written as a sequence of matrix operations?
I got this idea recently. If we do not consider the data IO part of software, imagine the data is in the memory and we need to come out with some decision (which product to recommend to a user, how to ...
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37 views
What is the point-free version of f(x,y)?
What is the point-free version of
f(x, y)
? Is it just f or some kind of function composition, since when curried there is an implicit function which is made ...
2
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2answers
47 views
Using function composition to turn a function into point free one
In Tacit Programming page on wikipedia, it is stated that the point free version of
p x y z = f (g x y) z is
p = ((.) f) . g
...
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Integer-array indexing (e.g. numpy.take) as function composition: where can I find more resources?
For context, one of Numpy's features is that an an array of integers can be passed as an index to an array, and this selects values at all of the specified positions, in any order with possible ...
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1answer
27 views
What is the relation between the formal definition of strictness and its intuitive notion
I am currently reading Functional Programming in Scala and have encountered a statement in the book I cannot quite make sense of.
On page 67, we are told the formal definition of strictness:
"If the ...
2
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1answer
48 views
Like transitive reduction, but removing vertices rather than edges?
Suppose I have a directed graph $G = (V, E)$ (or, which is the same, a relation on the set $V$ as defined by the adjacency matrix) that may contain three vertices $x, y, z$, such that $xy, xz, yz \in ...
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Can we always transform a set of lines to a function?
If I have n lines in a programming language like Python (globally or inside a function):
...
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Are the definitions of constructs in terms of lambda terms issues in implementation/design or uses of functional languages?
In Lambda Calculus, natural numbers, boolean values, list processing functions, recursion, if function are defined in terms of lambda terms. For example, natural numbers are defined as Church numerals,...
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Representing partialled/curried functions in postfix notation?
I'm working on a small query language in JSON. A query consists of a JSON array of JSON elements, such as strings, numbers, booleans, etc. Strings starting with a ...
0
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1answer
39 views
Is “lazy evaluation” part of the compilation process or a run-time feature?
I'm studing the Clean functional programming language, and like other functional PL it uses Lazy Evaluation.
The thing that I can't get is when a PL that using ...
28
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2answers
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Is Lambda Calculus purely syntactic?
I've been reading for a few weeks about the Lambda Calculus, but I have not yet seen anything that is materially distinct from existing mathematical functions, and I want to know whether it is just a ...
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48 views
How to collect free/bound variables in Lambda Calculus?
I am building a simple interpreter for untyped lambda calculus, currently trying to implement alpha-reduction.
According to this document on LC:
Alpha-reduction is used to modify expressions of ...
0
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1answer
44 views
Lazy streams and infinite series
I just started Unix System Programming with Standard ML and starting on page 22 Shipman begins to explain a pure functional way of avoiding the constant state changes of typing at a keyboard:
A ...
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What is the difference between self-rewriting program and program-with-updates-and-restart
I am reading about Goedel machine http://people.idsia.ch/~juergen/goedelmachine.html and especially the article about possible implementation (in the Scheme language) of this machine http://people....
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Why in the Map Reduce Implementation, why not stream the records to the reducer (via TCP) as they are being produced by the mappers?
In the Map-Reduce implementation, the reducers start when all mappers finish their jobs. Why don't we stream the records from mappers to reducers while they are being processed instead? I think there ...
0
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1answer
24 views
Functional data structure fast to add and unorded deletion
I am looking for a functional data structure that would work in this role.
Adding items to the struct happens often. Removing items from the struct happens as often as adding them but I have no way ...
12
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1answer
169 views
Is the IO monad technically incorrect?
On the haskell wiki there is the following example of conditional usage of the IO monad (see here).
...
2
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1answer
86 views
Why are both caller-save registers and callee save registers needed?
I am having a difficult time understanding callee and caller-save registers. I get that caller-save registers are those which are needed after function call and hence caller saves them in caller ...
2
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2answers
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Is purely functional programming in some situations less efficient than imperative programming?
I am used to implementing algorithms in imperative languages. Many of the algorithms I have implemented use hash maps, hash sets, mutable arrays, heaps, doubly linked lists, etc. I understand that ...
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2answers
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lambda calculus with church numerals
today I found this term in our exercises: ((^fx.f(f(f x)) ^gy.g(g y )) ^z.z + 1) (0)
I am quit unaware how to solve this type of question.
I know this is the church numeral 3 , 2 , the identity ...
2
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1answer
49 views
Which would be the most purely functional equivalent to generators?
Some programming languages, apart from functions, have generators (eg. Python's yield). Although generators are introduced in this Python's tutorial on functional programming, I don't think that they ...
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Trying to determine Fixed Points
I'm basically trying to solve 4.2
(Taken from Semantics with Applications)
As I see it, the functional F will be defined like so:
...
0
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2answers
57 views
Can a language with some set of higher-order functions like map, fold and filter but without recursion or iteration be Turing complete?
I was reading this article and was wondering if there is any finite set of higher-order functions like map, fold or filter such that they could empower a language to be Turing complete even without ...
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0answers
18 views
What is the output of the program if the values are passed by value and-result and name?
I just want to make sure I'm doing this correctly. The first part is asking what the output is if the values are pasted by value-result and address of z[w] is computed at the time of the call. I got:
...
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1answer
82 views
Avoiding “side effects” in recursive functions
I am writing a function to find the intersection between two sets.
The non-functional requirements of the assignment include avoiding "side effects".
...
3
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1answer
37 views
“Immediate” method of translating arbitrary mutable program to equivalent unmutable program?
Consider the following program in "mutable style":
x=1
x=f(x);
x=f(x);
We can rewrite this in "immutable style" without changing the higher-level structure of ...
5
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3answers
83 views
How exactly do we define parametric polymorphism?
My naive distinction between parametric polymorphism and ad-hoc polymorphism, is that:
In parametric polymorphism, the type is given as a variable: (pseudocode)
Function f: <.Type T> T $\to$...
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1answer
46 views
Generalization of Functors to other datatypes?
Functors in category theory, and also in its application to functional programming, can be seen as a kind of "structured" functions: Given two sets $A,B$, rather than just having a function $f:A\to B$,...
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Difference between “functional programming languages” and “lambda calculus based languages”?
In "Can programming be liberated from the Von Neumann Style?", John Backus states:
The main reason
FP systems are considerably simpler than either conventional languages or lambda-calculus-based ...
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How can one flip a stream using corecursion
Following is the definition of codata stream:
codata Stream where
hd : Stream −> A
tl : Stream −> Stream
For simplicity I assume I have just a ...
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0answers
44 views
Reasons for why x - 1 and x -1 gives different result in some languages [closed]
I assume the reason space makes a difference in F# is due to reserving a certain function, when minus is in front of a number without space, however what are the reasons for this? I can't seem to find ...
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3answers
364 views
How would a CPU designed purely for functional programming be different?
CPU's are to an extent designed with in mind the software that people will write for it, implicitly or explicitly.
It seems to me that if you look at the design of instruction set architectures, ...
3
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1answer
47 views
Intuition for “run” function of monads
I'm learning about monads, I understood why they are useful, I understood in general what bind, join, return do.
I also looked at basic usage examples for the basic reader / writer / state / list / ...
3
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1answer
49 views
What are different ways to provide a semantics to a language?
Suppose you have 1. a grammar for terms of a language; 2. type-assignment rules, 3. a set of reduction rules. You want to prove that your language is adequate for mathematical reasoning. If I ...
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1answer
36 views
Tailrecursive definition for a function
In an exam I took we were asked to provide a tailrecursive definition of a recursive function. I failed miserably and the provided solution makes absolutely no sense to me. If anyone could explain ...
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2answers
174 views
Beta reduction order in Lambda calulus
Will it be wrong to use g for reducing (λx.λy.x) first in step (2) instead of using to reduce λg?
Is there a rule against it?
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1answer
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Why are there two not operators in lambda calculus?
From Wikipedia:
$\mathrm{true} = \lambda a. \lambda b. a$
$\mathrm{false} = \lambda a. \lambda b. b$
Because true and false choose the first or second parameter they may
be combined to ...
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0answers
36 views
Can you use CPS to simulate state in a stateless programming language?
In a language supporting CPS, but no built in global state, we can represent a state based computation using a function. We call this function a state function. Assume the function takes three ...
3
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2answers
64 views
When are you supposed to eta-reduce?
Wikipedia lists the following algorithm for normalizing a lambda calculus term $t$:
If $t$ is not in head normal form, beta reduce the beta redex in the head position to get $t'$. Then normalize $t'$ ...
0
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1answer
58 views
Composition of compostion as a functor
"Composition of Composition" (i.e., (.) . (.)) in Haskell), has type ...
0
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1answer
283 views
First-order vs Higher-order Programs
Can someone explain the difference between first-order programs and higher-order programs in the context of programming languages?
My understanding so far is that Functional Languages (most) use ...
0
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2answers
121 views
Multiple inputs in lambda calculus (Confusing example)
In a programming class I take, we briefly (very briefly) touched lambda calculus. I think I have a pretty good grasp of the basics now, but one example given I just don't understand. Am I missing ...
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1answer
588 views
Is Pattern Matching as expressive as Case Expression in Haskell?
Nomenclature
The term expressive in the question shall bear the same meaning as in the following sentence:
A Turing Machine is as expressive as Lambda Calculus.
Introduction
While learning ...
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1answer
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join is the heart of the monad because it encompasses everything a monad can do that a functor cannot. Is this true? [closed]
There is a controversy about Monad implementation in S.O .
The original question is,
What's so special about Monads in Kleisli category?
Is there any counterexample that Functors cannot do what ...
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2answers
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How does one show $(\lambda x . (\lambda y.x))yx \equiv_{\beta} y$ in lambda calculus?
I wanted to show:
$$ (\lambda x . (\lambda y.x))yx \equiv_{\beta} y $$
the definition of beta equivalence is on page 17 of these notes.
I did a few attempts but got different things like $x$. I ...
