Questions tagged [nondeterminism]
Questions about automata, formal grammars or other computation-models that specifically relate to the use of nondeterminism. Not to be confused with randomness or ambiguity!
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LL(1), Compilers, Formal Language [duplicate]
Is it possible to construct LL(1) grammar for every DCFL?
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What to do with empty set during NFA to DFA conversion?
I am currently converting this NFA to a DFA
I have come up with the following DFA:
...
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2answers
30 views
Understanding Hamiltonian Path, NP vs Co-NP
I am having difficulty understanding the distinction between NP and Co-NP.
According to my textbook (Sipser), the HAMPATH problem is in NP. That is, for the language: HAMPATH = { (G,s,t) | G is a ...
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1answer
56 views
PDA of the language where the number of a's are NOT equal to the number of b's
I have this NPDA for language L = {w: num_a(w) == num_b(w)}
all loops in q1
...
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1answer
46 views
Given a NP Algorithm for SAT, do we expect to have Correct and Incorrect Solutions?
I am reading about Boolean Satisfiability Problem and Nondeterministic Algorithms, in the latter defination it says :
In computational complexity theory, nondeterministic algorithms are ones that, ...
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0answers
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What is the difference between the choice operator and nondeterminism in CSP?
I'm learning CSP now for my research. First time doing formal work in CS. I'm having a hard time understanding the difference between choice $\square$ operator and the nondeterminism $\sqcap$ operator....
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2answers
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Why SAT Requires A Non-determinstic Algorithm?
I am getting started to understand the probelm of Satisfiability and i am reading (Computers and Intractability: A Guide to the Theory of NP-Completeness).
I do understand the difference between a ...
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1answer
45 views
How to implement a maximal munch lexical analyzer by simulating NFA or running DFA?
I'm planning to implement a lexical analyzer by either simulating NFA or running DFA using the input text. The trouble is, the input may arrive in small chunks and the memory may not be enough to hold ...
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2answers
81 views
Understanding $\epsilon$ transitions on NFA
I can't understand why $\epsilon$ is accepted. I thought if $\epsilon$ is inputed then it would go from $q_1$ to $q_3$. $a$ is also accepted, but I though if $a$ is inputed then then the NFA would die,...
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1answer
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How do non-deterministic algorithms work on current machines?
I have some questions regarding the exact nature of non-deterministic algorithms. Is it right that non-deterministic algorithms do not rely on any randomness whatsoever? In which case, this Wikipedia ...
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1answer
34 views
In certificate view of NL can we force the guesses to be in some format like $a^n b^n c^n d^n$?
In certificate view of NL the size of our guess can be polynomial.Can this guesses be like $a^n b^n c^n d^n$. Can we force the guesses to be in some format? I think it(the format) can be in regex ...
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1answer
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Drawing a NFA for a string
I have these grammar rules defined as follows,
FDL -> FDEF FDL | ε
FDEF -> #feature #: FEXP
FEXP -> #op #( FLIST #)
FLIST -> FEXP #, FEXP | #feature
...
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1answer
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Can we call deterministic equivalent of all NFA to be finite
Finite automata is defined as a simple machine having small memory. A deterministic equivalent of a NFA with n states will have O(2^n) states,so the number of states grow exponentially. So can we ...
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1answer
27 views
What will happen if input is larger than required in a NFA
This is my first time in the field of TOC so I am not able to provide any self-approach while asking .In the above example what will happen if input string is "1001" or "1111"?The state q4 can be ...
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2answers
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NP Class Definition of a Certificate
Given the definition for all x ∈ Σ∗
x ∈ L ⇔ ∃ u ∈ Σ∗ with |u| ≤ p(|x|) and M(x, u) = 1
Lets say the input x = ababab
Then the certificate u shouldn't be longer than p(|x|).
But what would be p(|...
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How to prove existence of the language
Consider such question:
(Prove or disprove) There exists a language in $TIME(2^{n^2})$ that is not in $NTIME(n)$.
I guess that answer is yes because $TIME(2^{n^2})$ and $NTIME(n)$ are totally ...
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1answer
64 views
Are there any estimated, imperfect or fuzzy sorting algorithms?
I'm implementing some estimation metrics that take samples of optimisation functions and estimate their properties. One of the metrics requires the data to be sorted; however, since the metric is only ...
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1answer
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Can an algorithm be truly non-deterministic?
I read the term "non-deterministic algorithm" in many places but I don't see how an algorithm can be truly non-deterministic. Typically, there is some source of randomness in these algorithms. If the ...
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1answer
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Understanding trap and dead state in automata
Well, this sounds somewhat basic definitions, but I feel they needs to be clearly defined.
In book by Hopcroft et. al., there is an excerpt:
...a dead state, that is, a nonaccepting state that ...
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2answers
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Number of states in NFA and DFA accepting strings from length 0 to n with alphabet Σ= {0,1}
The question is in title. Let me repeat:
What are the number of states in NFA and DFA accepting strings from length 0 to n with alphabet $\Sigma = {0,1}$
I feel both NFA and DFA will take ...
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0answers
16 views
Is $NAAL_{NFA}\in\Bbb{P}$?
$NAAL_{NFA}=\{(a,n)|\;a\text{ is an encoding of a non-deterministic finite automaton without }\epsilon-\text{transitions, }n\text{ is a non-negative integer and }\exists w\in\Sigma^n:\;a\text{ rejects ...
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Is this language NP Hard?
$L=\{$$($$m$,$w$,$n$$)$| $m$ is an encoding of a non-deterministic Turing machine, $w$ is any word/string in the closure of alphabet, i.e. $w\in\Sigma^*$, $n$ is any positive integer, i.e. $n\in\Bbb{Z}...
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Where is proof that palindrom language is nondeterministic? [duplicate]
It is well-known that the language over $T$ with at least 2 symbols is nondeterministic. for simplicity, the language $\{ww^R: w\in\{a,b\}\}$ (even-length palindroms of $a$, $b$) is context-free, but ...
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Do NFAs with $\varepsilon$-moves never terminate?
Suppose in an NFA we have an $\varepsilon$-move from a state $q_0$ to $q_1$. According to Sipser,
Without reading any input, the machine splits into multiple copies one following each of the ...
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1answer
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Questions on Sipser's NP implying verifiability?
I've revisited trying to understand the proof to why NTM exists iff there is a verifier. I think I'm finally understanding the proof but I want to make sure and thus have some questions as follow up ...
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1answer
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NFA accepting $L=\{wbbav \;|\; w \in \{a,b\}^*, v \in \{a,b\}^+, v\; has\; suffix\; a\}$
I have to construct NFA that accepts language $L=\{wbbav \;|\; w \in \{a,b\}^*, v \in \{a,b\}^+, v\; has\; suffix\; a\}$.
My solution is this automata:
Can you tell me, if this is correct or not? If ...
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1answer
211 views
Is every decidable language a deterministic context free language?
I'm trying to get a better understanding for the relationship between decidability and a few other things so that I can get a better grasp of the topic. Any info helps!
Is every decidable language a ...
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3answers
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Is there a method to compress all data without loss (lossless compression)?
I know that the answer is no but I'm not sure why. Here's where I started. We know that all data with length $n$ Bits and minimum $1$ Bit can be compressed, either lossless or lossy. But how do I ...
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show doubly connected graph is NL complete
The question:A directed graph is doubly connected if every two vertices are connected by a directed path in each direction. Let DCG = {| G is a doubly connected graph} Prove that DCG is NL-complete. (...
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Implications of $NL=P$
What would be some implications of $NL$$=P$? Would it be possible to get recommendations on good sources/papers I can read to learn more about this? Thank you
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Prove: if $\delta_D(q0, w) = p$ then $\delta_N(q0, w) = {p}$
In my textbook, it presents the theorem, "A language L is accepted by some DFA if and only if l is accepted by some NFA". My textbook explains that the "if" portion of the proof is given by the subset ...
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3answers
166 views
Minimal DFA with more states than its equivalent NFA
I understand that using a bad case for subset construction as provided through an example in the book - Introduction to Automata Theory, Languages and Computation, we can definitely have an NFA with $...
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1answer
81 views
Complement of Mealy machine
How could one reasonably define and construct the complement of a deterministic Mealy machine?
My intuition is that the complement should give exactly the opposite of output strings after a specific ...
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1answer
73 views
Constructing an FSA, where Ratio of number of states of FSA to its Minimal DFA Equivalent < 0.5
I need to choose a language, design a finite automaton M such that L = L(M). Construct a minimum-state DFA M′ equivalent to M in such a way that the ratio of the number of states in M to the number of ...
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1answer
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Why nondeterminism?
Theory of computation often involves nondeterministic models of computation. Some examples include nondeterministic finite automata (NFAs), nondeterministic pushdown automata (PDAs), and ...
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How do NFA's make program design any better when converted DFA form can't remember original states?
Here is some content from the book by Peter-Linz I read
"Consider a game-playing program where the machine needs to make the decision for the next move [say for tic-tac-toe]. Since there are ...
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Simulating QC using nondeterministic Turing machine
Is it more efficient to simulate Quantum Computer using a non-deterministic Turing machine?
Would it be more efficient than simulation using a deterministic Turing machine or probabilistic Turing ...
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1answer
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Confused b/w non-deterministic finite state automata vs finite state automata
I am reading this example of FSA from book Martin & Jurafsky "Speech and Language Processing".
As per definition of FSA you can only transition to one state after consuming one input. In this ...
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1answer
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If all computations of non deterministic Turing machine on the input string are all accept then is the boolean formula of them a tautology?
If M is non deterministic Turing machine and w is any string then $\Phi_{M,w}$ is satisfiable if and only if M accepts w according to Cook and Levin (1971).
By the definition of non deterministic ...
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Is the boolean formula generated from the Cook's reduction necessarily in conjunctive normal form?
$\Phi_{M,w}$ is satisfiable boolean formula if and only if $M$ is non deterministic Turing machine that accepts string $w$ within $p(n)$ steps where $n=|w|$.
Cook showed in 1971 that deterministic ...
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How about boolean formula that is satisfied on every reject path and falsified on every accept path of non deterministic Turing machine? [duplicate]
Cook-Levin reduction is both deterministic polynomial time and parsimonious and that's mean that from every non deterministic Turing machine $M$ and string $w$ it is possible in polynomial time ...
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1answer
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Relating accepting/rejecting paths to satisfying/falsifying assignments in (Cook, 1971)
I read The Complexity of Theorem-Proving Procedures by Stephen A. Cook (1971).
Cook explains how to create a boolean formula $\Phi$ from $(M,w)$, where $M$ is a non-deterministic Turing machine that ...
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1answer
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NP and verifiability equivalence - does this guarantee that any certificate can be verified in polynomial time?
As a follow-up from my old question here, I'm wondering more about the equivalence proof. Intuitively, NP has been described as the class of all problems which a solution certificate can be verified ...
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Does polynomial time reduction from CNFFAL to CNFSAT is also polynomial time reduction from CNFSAT to CNFFAL?
CNFSAT is the language of all strings that are encoding of satisfiable boolean formula in conjunctive normal form while CNFFAL is the language of all strings that are encoding of falsifiable boolean ...
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Converting a non-deterministic context free grammar to deterministic
I have the non-deterministic context free grammar $$I \to abcX | abdY$$
$$X \to X d | \epsilon$$ $$Y \to XX |I$$ and i want to convert it into a deterministic. I know that the rules $I \to abcX | abdY$...
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Comparing non-deterministic and also the deterministic expressive power of FA, PDA's and TM'S
I am sorta confused and also could not find a answer online, but in terms of expressive power, .
Non-deterministic FA, PDA, TM
NFA < NPDA < NTM
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1answer
68 views
On $NP=\Sigma_2^P$ from non-deterministic time?
We know $NP=\bigcup_{k\in\Bbb N}NTIME(n^k)$ and $\Sigma_2^P=NP^{NP}$.
Does $\Sigma_2^P\subseteq\bigcup_{k\in\Bbb N}NTIME(n^k)$ also hold (we can do $O(n^k)$ queries to $NP$ oracle which runs in non-...
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3answers
314 views
What is difference between nondeterministic polynomial time and exponential time?
I am not very into computer science theory but i feel like people are defining nondeterministic polynomial time as if it is another name of exponential time. I would be happy if you clarify it. thank ...
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Are probabilisitc algorithms deterministic?
I got confused with deterministic and probabilistic algorithms. Am I right by assuming that algorithms are called probabilistic once they use some sort of randomness?
Initially, I thought only ...
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1answer
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On $UP$, $NP$, $\oplus P$ and $PP$?
We know $UP\subseteq NP\subseteq PP$.
Is $UP^{\oplus P}\subseteq NP^{\oplus P}\subseteq PP^{\oplus P}$?
I think the first $UP^{\oplus P}\subseteq NP^{\oplus P}$ is straightforward since whatever ...
