Questions tagged [operating-systems]
Questions about the principles of software that interfaces between hardware and applications.
546
questions
0
votes
0answers
15 views
how many process are running [closed]
If we run this code n times in a for loop, how many maximum processes could be running in a specific time?
...
0
votes
1answer
21 views
Why no context switch is required in case of spinlock in operating systems?
I have a query regarding the fact that how Spinlocks are advantageous in terms of context switching ?
-3
votes
1answer
64 views
What is the name of this experimental OS?
I am trying to find an OS that had a network to verify it's users. It classified itself in classes going from greatest signifigance to least, and the names were galaxy, system, planet, comet etc.
I ...
0
votes
0answers
20 views
What assumptions do I have to make about monitors (in OS)?
I am taking a course in Operating Systems. I am going through old exams and there is a question about monitors. We are supposed to give a solution for the producer-consumer problem using monitors. ...
12
votes
2answers
6k views
What is a GPU year?
I am reading papers in machine learning and they say things like, "This computation took $x$ number of GPU years".
What is a GPU year? How long is that?
2
votes
1answer
60 views
How can a 32bit CPU have an addressable memory size of 16TB?
Frequently, on a 32-bit CPU, each page-table entry is 4 bytes long, but that
size can vary as well.
A 32-bit entry can point to one of $2^{32}$ physical page frames.
If frame size is 4 KB (212), ...
1
vote
0answers
19 views
Expected value of next CPU burst using exponential averaging
The burst time is needed for Shortest Job First (SJF) and Shortest Run Time First (SRTF) scheduling. To get the approximate burst time, we use the equation
$$\tau_{n + 1} = t_n + (1 - \alpha)\tau_n$$
...
0
votes
0answers
11 views
Does a safe state ensures there will never ever be a deadlock?
In Banker's algorithm of deadlock avoidance, if one can obtain a safe state, does that necessarily mean there will never be a deadlock, or is there still some way that the system could fall into a ...
0
votes
1answer
31 views
Is logical address generated by CPU and MMU same if Physical and Virtual address space are same?
The system has same physical and virtual address space i.e. 32-bit. Are the logical address generated by CPU and address generated by MMU same?
0
votes
1answer
30 views
Lack of Stack Pointer Register
Suppose a processor lacks STACK Pointer Register. But, It does have STACK.
Then, in my opinion, a program will still be able to call subroutines but, will be unable to return back from the subroutines....
0
votes
0answers
12 views
How many page-table entries can fit into TLB space
I am looking to calculate how many page-table entries can fit into a corresponding TLB space (Translation Look-aside Buffer ). I just want to make sure I am getting the calculation right, as I fear I ...
0
votes
0answers
12 views
How many page-table entries are needed in case the program uses the whole logical address space
Say I have:
page size = 2^12 bytes
physical memory = 2^24 bytes
logical address space = 2^32
How many page-table entries are needed in case the program uses the whole logical address space?
0
votes
1answer
48 views
Converting physical address to logical
In 8-bit address space there are 16 pages and the page table stores:
68792EA51BD3CF04 (hex)
The physical address is 39h, what is the corresponding logical address?
I have literally no idea what to ...
1
vote
0answers
21 views
Doubts on Virtually Indexed,Physically tagged Cache
I tried referring a few material (videos on youtube and this link as well), but I still couldn't wrap my head around the concept.
My (brief) understanding of the Virtually addressed, Physically ...
0
votes
1answer
42 views
How are hardware interrupts handled?
I have read that a hardware interrupt is handled asynchronously by the CPU, which means that the interrupt signal may arrive at any point of time with respect to the CPU clock cycle. Now, this means ...
0
votes
1answer
40 views
Software management of TLB misses?
I'm reading an OS textbook and it was talking about TLB misses being handled by software. I'm very new to all this by the way. So there's a context switch to some kernel procedure. But surely in this ...
0
votes
1answer
33 views
What is a batch based interface? [closed]
I came across this description of Batch Interface:
"commands and directives are used to manage those commands that are entered into files and those files get executed. "
I would really appreciate if ...
0
votes
1answer
61 views
What is a 'dynamic entity' in computer science?
I am doing some reading into computer science and how the computing system works in order to be ready for my 1st year at university doing a Computer Science degree. I came across a term within the ...
0
votes
1answer
27 views
How many segments a process can have in operating system employing Segmentation for memory management
Some facts about "Segmented Paging"
1) Each process has one segment table.
2) There is one-page table per segment.
Fact about "Paged segmentation"
3) Contains page table of segment table.
Now ...
0
votes
0answers
14 views
Can many threads run in a parallel in many-to-one model?
The book I am reading suggests that in a many-to-one multi-threading model, the threads are unable to run in parallel in a multi-core system.
I am thinking this is not the case because if we have many-...
0
votes
1answer
31 views
Calculation of speed up of a program executed in multi-threaded system
Speed up of execution of a program is to be calculated within a multi-threading rather than a single thread system. The program's 30% instruction can be executed serially & rest can be executed ...
1
vote
1answer
42 views
How are logical addresses of instruction operands mapped to physical addresses?
Is address translation for all operands in single instruction done only once and then are all operands fetched continuously?
For example, consider any dummy instruction ...
0
votes
0answers
22 views
Which page replacement algorithm causes thrashing
This is rather simple conceptual question. I can guess the answer, but no text explicitly discuss thrashing in the context of different page replacement algorithm. So I want to take your confirmation ...
0
votes
0answers
45 views
What are necessity and sufficiency?
I was reading deadlock topic from Operating Systems book by Stallings. It states four pre requisites for deadlock:
Mutual exclusion
No preemption
Hold and wait
Circular wait
It then have following ...
0
votes
1answer
73 views
How can I solve this deadlock related problem mathematically?
I came across following problem:
A system has n resources R0,…,Rn-1,and k processes P0,….Pk-1.The implementation of the resource request logic of each process Pi is as follows:
...
1
vote
0answers
19 views
Comparing wait-signal alternatives for synchronizing two piece of programs
I came across following problem:
A certain computation generates two arrays a and b such that ...
2
votes
1answer
49 views
Designing solution to critical section problem with two semaphores vs single semaphore
I came across following problem:
Let two processes P1 and P2 are there:
...
1
vote
0answers
19 views
Does this state certify to be called as a deadlock?
I came across following problem:
Barrier is a synchronization construct where a set of processes synchronizes globally i.e., each process in the set arrives at the barrier and waits for all others ...
2
votes
1answer
66 views
Why is 2^32 in a 32-bit system = 4GiB and not 4Gib?
I was watching this video 32-Bit vs 64-Bit - The Advantage and at 1:19 (timestamp) the narrator mentioned the 4GB memory allocation for the 32-bit system. I later found out it should've been 4GiB but ...
0
votes
0answers
17 views
Why we need size of the page table should be some fraction of virtual address space
The Page Table should have all virtual page number which are in its logical address space, Why it's the case?
Is it because we want to access Page Table entry fast just like an array where key is ...
0
votes
1answer
39 views
Why does paging not have external fragmentation?
I have read that paging does not suffer from external fragmentation as the frames and the pages are all of the equal sizes, but when we store a last level page table in a frame at that time it may not ...
1
vote
1answer
82 views
How does dynamic memory-allocation exactly work?
I have wondered about ordinary code. Assume we are running this code on any modern System like Unix/Linux/Mac/Windows. This code is C, but it should work with every language which is close to the ...
1
vote
0answers
25 views
Why in the Map Reduce Implementation, why not stream the records to the reducer (via TCP) as they are being produced by the mappers?
In the Map-Reduce implementation, the reducers start when all mappers finish their jobs. Why don't we stream the records from mappers to reducers while they are being processed instead? I think there ...
0
votes
1answer
1k views
How to calculate average waiting time for round robin cpu scheduling?
I have tried to calculate average waiting time for the below details there are two answers I'm getting using two methods I'm not understanding which one is correct?
The time quantum is 2
This is the ...
0
votes
0answers
28 views
Any good source explaining multiprocessor synchronization techniques and their implementation
I need to study how synchronization is done in a multiprocessor operating system, but I am unable to find a good source. I have read about it in the book "Modern Operating System" by Tanenbaum, but I ...
0
votes
0answers
16 views
Inputting values to register files
I'm trying to understand how to register files. The question below is from past exam paper:
The following diagram shows the register-file from a simple 8-bit
machine
I don't fully get register ...
0
votes
1answer
124 views
What architectural features will allow this microprocessor to access a separate “I/O space”?
I'm studying for my final and don't understand this question. Here is the full question (from Stallings 8th edition):
Consider a hypothetical microprocessor generating a 16-bit address
(e.g., ...
1
vote
1answer
68 views
How exactly does a CPU do process scheduling?
I know in theory how various scheduling algorithms work, such as round robin, where each process is given small time slices to run a few instructions, before the operating system passes execution onto ...
0
votes
0answers
34 views
How can an unstable kernel write a memory dump?
I always wondered how a kernel that became unstable, e.g. due to a BSOD or a kernel panic, is able to do specific tasks.
For example, if a Windows driver corrupts the stack of the kernel. It leads to ...
2
votes
1answer
195 views
Why do OS and DBMS have their own synchronisation mechanisms, when OS can alone do it and it sits at the bottom of DB?
I know that synchronization is important in the OS, but why do we need a separate topic synchronization and concurrency in the DBMS? The OS concentrates on program synchronization while the DBMS ...
-1
votes
1answer
128 views
Single processor system supporting two running processes, A and B, with the following sequential execution patterns [closed]
Can anyone please help me with the following question?
Consider a single processor system supporting two running processes, A and B, with the following sequential execution patterns:
A: [CPU 8 ms; ...
1
vote
0answers
43 views
0
votes
0answers
22 views
Understanding Bounded Waiting
I am trying to understand bounded waiting and i have a question.
The definition is as follows:
Bounded waiting -
There exists a bound, or limit, on the number of times
that other processes are ...
0
votes
1answer
45 views
what is the difference between Operating system and Window Systems?
Quoting from Tannenbaum_Operating_Systems_Design :
On top of the operating system is the rest of the system software.
Here we find the command interpreter (shell), window systems,
compilers, ...
0
votes
1answer
64 views
How does operating system display decimal numbers which are stored as binary? [duplicate]
What kind of magic happen with bytes in memory?
0
votes
1answer
48 views
How the operating system allocated to dual-channels memory?
I learned that the boot loader transmit the operating system from Hard Disk to Main Memory during the booting process.
I wonder, today's computers are equipped with multiple slice of memory of dual-...
0
votes
0answers
294 views
LRU vs FIFO page replacement
I am wondering if there is an instance where FIFO results in less page faults than LRU. For example:
2,6,5,7...
In this string, if I have to complete it by ...
1
vote
0answers
22 views
Addresses with no memory allocated
I've read that a program can crash if it tries to access addresses with no memory allocated. But, how is it possible that an address has no memory allocated? When does it happen?
1
vote
0answers
135 views
Difference between present - absent bit and valid - invalid bit in a page table?
while reading I found this:
Present/Absent bit – Present or absent bit says whether a particular page you are looking for is present or absent. In case if it is not present, that is called Page ...
2
votes
1answer
179 views
Appreciation of the 5 state process model
I'm starting out in an Operating Systems module. I have a few understanding questions to think about, which will not be gone through in class.
A process state model is an abstraction (or model) which ...
