Questions tagged [search-trees]
Questions about search trees, a class of data structures used for storing sorted data for efficient access.
259
questions
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13 views
Breadth-first traversal: difference between generation and expansion
The question here is to find a path from A(rad) to B(ucharest). I'll be using the initials of the cities in the picture instead of their full names.
Some ground-rules: we're traversing in ...
2
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0answers
29 views
Data structure & algorithms for super-interval queries on intervals with small integer ends
I would like to have an online data structure that supports inserting an interval, and given a query interval $I_q=[l_q,h_q]$ answer if some interval of the data structure is contained in $I_q$, i.e. ...
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0answers
10 views
Depth of an R-tree, given $m$, $M$ and number of elements
Simply: what is the theoretical maximum, minimum or expected depth of an R-tree given $m$ minimum $M$ maximum elements in a node, with $N$ amount of nodes?
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1answer
30 views
UCT (Upper Confidence bounds applied to Trees)
For UCT (Upper Confidence bounds applied to Trees), why If given infinite time and memory, UCT theoretically converges to Minimax. ?
Besides, I do not quite understand how UCT deals with the flaw of ...
4
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1answer
47 views
Nodes in a binary search tree that span a range
I have a binary search tree of height $h$ with an integer in each leaf. I also have a range $[\ell,u]$. I want to find a set of nodes that span the range $[\ell,u]$, i.e., a set $S$ of nodes such ...
2
votes
1answer
43 views
How to merge a lot of trees into one single graph?
I have a few different trees, which resemble what the AST that compilers often deal with.
For example:
tree 1
( (a, b), (c, d) )
Imagine that each tree split represents the function "add", then ...
11
votes
4answers
3k views
Can the pre-order traversal of two different trees be the same even though they are different?
This question pretty much explains that they can, but does not show any examples of there being two different trees with the same pre-order traversal.
It is also mentioned that the in-order ...
1
vote
1answer
71 views
Space complexity of breadth-first search
I read that breadth-first search has to store (at most) $1+b+b^2+···+b^d$
nodes in memory ---more than depth-first search---, where $d$ is the depth of a solution, and $b$ is the branching factor.
...
1
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1answer
29 views
R-tree insertion procedure when leaf is full
I am implementing an R-tree with the quadratic splitting method.
However in most articles I have read there a piece of information that is missing or misleading (or the most probably case, I ...
4
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2answers
722 views
How to find sum of maximum K elements in range in array
Recently, I came up to the following problem:
Given array $A$ of size $n$ and integer $k$, We should answer $Q$ questions of the type:
for given range $[l, r]$ we should find sum of the $k$ maximum ...
2
votes
0answers
56 views
Red-black tree trinode restructuring after insertion and deletion
When performing an insertion/deletion on a red-black tree, how can be argued or proved that it requires at most one/two trinode restructuring(s) respectively?
My thoughts so far were: after inserting ...
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3answers
572 views
How to count in linear time worst-case?
This question and this question got me thinking a little bit. For sorting an array of length $n$ with $k$ unique elements in $O(n + k \log k)$, we need to be able to store counts of values in the ...
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0answers
14 views
Probabilistic switching between breath-first and depth-first
I am reading Artificial Intelligence: Making Machines "Think" by Neill Graham. He gives an overview of graph search using either the breadth-first (BF) or depth-first (DF) search algorithms, and ...
1
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1answer
54 views
Two Minimax AIs playing against each other
I am trying to have my Minimax AI chess players play against each other.
I was a bit confused about an implementation detail.
Let's call black my first minimax AI ...
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0answers
28 views
How does a binary tree waste memory when stored as nodes and references?
I'm researching binary trees and came across this section describing storage methods.
It states that:
In a language with records and references, binary trees are typically constructed by having a ...
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0answers
107 views
How many maximum height AVL trees given height?
I am having some trouble finding a recursive formula for finding the number of maximum height AVL trees of height h. Height 0 has 1, height 1 has 2, height 2 has 4, height 3 has 8, etc. is that ...
2
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0answers
13 views
Best asymptotic randomized multidimensional index?
What data structure has the best asymptotic running time for nearest-neighbor search on multidimensional data? I am interested in both preprocessing time and query time, but let's restrict attention ...
2
votes
2answers
111 views
How do I know which direction I should rotate a node in an AVL Tree?
I'm studying AVL Trees in my programming class and we got this exercise dealing with right, left, left-right and right-left rotations as a way to check if we understand the theoretical concept of AVL ...
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1answer
52 views
Search on Conformant Problem: solution for subset of a belief state
I am having trouble understanding the following statement.
I have understood why in a sensorless/conformant problem, if there exists a solution (a sequence of actions) for a belief state $b$, then it ...
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0answers
59 views
Calculating maximum number of splits that can occur during insertion of $n$ keys in B Tree of order $m$
I can calculate this by trying out manually inserting $n$ keys in $m$ order B Tree as follows:
Assume median to be selected for split be left biased. That is $m/2$. For example, if $m=4$, then a ...
0
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2answers
76 views
Efficient way to find matching date ranges?
We have a set of problems involving date ranges - a pair of dates representing a start date and an end date. In some places, we have say 1000 of these and need to find the ones that overlap a separate ...
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0answers
36 views
Efficient data structure for multidimensional searching on intervals and keys
I am searching for a data structure that can capture a database, which is consisted of one column of intervals (like [0, 2], [4, 6]) and one/two columns of keys (...
2
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1answer
46 views
Data Structures - Segment Trees
I was learning about segment trees and came across this:
We have an array arr[0 . . . n-1]. We should be able to
1 Find the sum of elements from index l to r where 0 <= l <= r <= n-1
...
2
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0answers
21 views
B/B+ trees without leftmost pointers
In both B-trees and B+trees, a node (a.k.a page) contains K keys and K+1 pointers:
node = [ ptr_1, key_1, ... , ptr_K , key_K , ptr_(K+1) ]
Now suppose that I ...
2
votes
1answer
1k views
How many rotations after AVL insertion and deletion
Is it true that inserting an element to an AVL tree requires $O(1)$ rotations?
How many rotations, does deletion from AVL require?
I've searched for these two questions with no luck so far.
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vote
1answer
51 views
Searching and inserting in $O(n)$ when $n$ is the size of the key
Edit: The solution to my problem is called a trie ; according to Section 8.1 of Peter Brass book "Advanced Data Structures", for a given alphabet $A$ and a word $w$ of length $n$ on this alphabet, a ...
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1answer
396 views
4
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2answers
2k views
Time Complexity to find height of a BST
Below is a question I was asked in an Interview
What is the best case time complexity to find the height of a Binary Search Tree?
I answered it explaining using the below algorithm
$\mathrm{...
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0answers
45 views
Example of binary trees with maximum rotation distance
In the 1988 paper Rotation Distance, Triangulations, and Hyperbolic Geometry, Sleator, Tarjan and Thurston show that for any pair of $n$-node binary trees, the maximum rotation distance between them ...
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0answers
154 views
Analysis expected depth of a binary search tree given random values?
I have a guess about the problem above. Suppose I have a binary search tree $T$ initially empty. Suppose I drawn $x_1,\ldots,x_k$ (from some real interval $[a,b]$) keys and I want to insert the keys ...
0
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0answers
66 views
How many roots are there in an undirected root
Given an undirected tree with 7 nodes how many roots would this tree have. My intuition tells me that because the tree is undirected it would either be 7 or 0. How would I solve this?
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0answers
20 views
Search tree with associative union and worst case insert/delete better than O(n)? [duplicate]
Is there a search tree where union is associative, so $a \cup (b \cup c) = (a \cup b) \cup c$ gives a tree with the same structure?
A complete binary tree would be such a tree, but for example a red-...
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votes
0answers
16 views
Segment-tree construction: do we recurse into both children?
This question is about segment-tree as described in this Wikipedia article.
When constructing the tree (inserting the new input-interval), if the input-interval doesn't contain the node-interval we ...
0
votes
1answer
812 views
Optimal data structure for sorted list
Most of the resources on the web I have encountered say that "sorted arrays and other sorted data structures are implemented with binary search trees (BSTs)".
Even though B-trees are a generalization ...
3
votes
1answer
113 views
Can ropes (AVL trees) be interned?
Can AVL trees be interned for fast equality comparison? Is there work on interning data-structures or can you show that this cannot be done in better than $O(n)$ time?
I recently implemented a rope ...
2
votes
2answers
357 views
Infix search in millions of strings
Let's say we have millions of strings (each of them < 100 characters):
alpha
allo
blah
hello world
orlando
...
I know how a binary search tree or a trie can ...
0
votes
1answer
179 views
All possible Red Black Trees with this set {1,2,3,4,5}
I have to write all possible Red Black Trees which can represent these 5 numbers {1,2,3,4,5}.
Now we have 120 ways to write 1,2,3,4,5
...
1
vote
1answer
112 views
how does rotation works in AVL trees and what is a good way to understand it?
If we consider this tree with T1 and T2 as subtrees, and we want to rotate on x (rotating the edge between T1 and x), what is the result? how does it work then? Does the x stay in its place and T1 ...
0
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1answer
528 views
How to calculate number of nodes opened by BFS?
In the below diagram, each node takes up a space of 2KB. I need to find the total memory consumed to reach the goal : I
I know that the equation for BFS is
b1 + b2 + ...... + (bd+1 - b)
Where b is ...
1
vote
1answer
38 views
data structure admitting top items with prefix
A trie can answer a query for all items with a certain prefix in $O(m + \log n)$ time, where $m$ is the number of matches and $n$ is the number of items. A trie also supports $O(\log n)$ insertion and ...
0
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0answers
179 views
Time complexity of inorder run on B+ tree (without leavesa link)
I quite sure that it should be $O(n)$, but I didn't found any information about it and I'm not sure how to prove it. Maybe in 2-3 tree the max number of node (include the leaves) is $2n$ and in each ...
0
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0answers
98 views
Time complexity proof of finding the $i$ object in binary search tree is $O(h+i)$ by inorder
I'm looking for time complexity proof of finding the $i$ object in binary search tree is $O(h+i)$ by inorder run. when $h$ is the height of the tree.
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0answers
27 views
Unusual function - operations on lists / sets - possible optimization
I have a problem.
Below I present a function in Python.
...
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0answers
258 views
Deletion of record from B+ tree
I was going through the B+ tree deletion operation from the book Database System Concepts, 6th Edition by Henry F. Korth. One particular thing caught my attention.
A B+ tree is given. We have to ...
0
votes
1answer
139 views
Avarage height of Red-Black tree [closed]
I wrote a program to discover how height of the tree is relative to the number of elements in the tree (nodes).
On first test I filled array with 10-50-100-200...-1000 elements of random numbers from ...
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1answer
2k views
How many node does the final B-tree have?
I'm currently studying the B-Trees chapter of Introduction to Algorithms. One of the question from the chapter is:
Suppose that we insert the keys $\{1,2,...,n\}$ into an empty B-tree with minimum ...
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0answers
125 views
Iterate over two different non-binary tree graph [closed]
I'm working to solve a problem based on two non-binary tree graphs, that they need to be iterated together in order to find a valid combination.
I did a basic implementation that works, but it have a ...
1
vote
1answer
129 views
Understanding B tree key deletion step from CLRS algorithm
CLRS explains B tree key deletion as follows:
If the key $k$ is in node $x$ and $x$ is a leaf, delete the key $k$ from $x$.
If the key $k$ is in node $x$ and $x$ is an internal node, do the ...
3
votes
1answer
146 views
How to validate a connect X game (Tick-Tak-Toe,Gomoku,…)?
Currently I am working on a Gomoku AI (or generally Connect-X games).
Implementing the search tree was no problem, but then I got to the point where I had to implement the value function and was ...
0
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1answer
286 views
return a key of a node with maximum value within a range of keys in B+ tree
I've been asked a question about B+ Tree.
The question is: Suppose we have object of the following type:
...
