This seems related to these questions at a glance:
What would show a human mind is/is not reducible to a Turing machine?
But not quite, I am not asking about "time", but power. Also, I am not interested in the turing test. That said, my question can also be expressed as two parts:
- Is there a language, which cannot be recognized by any turing machine, that can be recognized by a human?
- Is there a language, which cannot be decided by any turing machine, that can be decided by a human?
And vice versa. The "language" I am talking about is the "mathematical" language, not only a "human" or "programming" language:
$$L \subseteq \Sigma^*$$
Since this is a question about computational power, I would make the following assumptions:
- Human do not make mistakes
- There is no space limit (turing machine gets infinite tape, you get infinite medium to write)
- There are no time constraints
- However, the recognition/decision must be achieved within finite time.
- And of course, in finite space
Please give an example if you have an answer. Remember, this is a theoretical question, so practical issues are not in concern.