New answers tagged binary
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Compressibility of a file depends on the nature of the file, and what methods are applied to it. It is common for some prepressing to improve the compression.
For example, if a list of words is sorted, you will see that many words in a row with have the same prefix, and can be taken advantage to reduce the overall file size with some extra encoding. ...
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When I tried to delete my answer a pop up window asked if I'm voting to delete the question. I'm not voting to delete a question addressed to the whole internet world, I'm just deleting my answer
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In addition to what Jörg W Mittag said:
The Unicode Consortium isn't in the business of defining file formats. I think the original standard didn't even define any encoding of Unicode as a sequence of bytes – that was an implementation detail.
In a sane world, there wouldn't be any need for something like the BOM, because the format of the character data ...
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There is no guarantee that a file has a Byte Order Marker. For example, JSON documents don't need one at all, no matter what the encoding is (as a little puzzle, figure out how you can determine which Unicode encoding a JSON document is using).
Now if you KNOW there is a single byte BOM, that's easy. But what do you do if you don't know? If the first ...
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The BOM started out as an encoding trick. It was not part of Unicode, it was something that people discovered and cleverly (ab)used.
Basically, they found the U+FEFF Zero width non-breaking space character. Now, what does a space character that has a width of zero and does not induce a linebreak do at the very beginning of a document? Well, absolutely ...
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In UTF-16, information is encoded in units of 2 bytes. Every symbol is encoded using either one unit or two units. BOM uses one unit.
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Approximating a Hash function $h$ as a function that maps each word in $\{0,1\}^*$ to a word in $\{0,1\}^{256}$ chosen uniformly at random, you can find the probability that at least one of the events:
$h(A)=h(B\{A\})$,
$h(A)=h(H\{A\})$,
$h(B\{A\})=h(H\{A\})$
is true by looking at the complementary probability. The probability that $h(A)$, $h(B\{A\})$, and ...
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Asymptotically speaking, both tasks can be performed in time $O(n)$ (which is also a trivial lower bound) since there can be only finitely many distinct binary strings.
I don't know which of the two approaches is faster since it depends on the specific implementation details of the data structures used so you might try both of them. In practice I would ...
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In the paper
https://arxiv.org/abs/1408.5963
Thue-Morse sequence was used to construct a distributed algorithm which is non-local but halts on every finite network (input).
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For coding test like this one :D. Using breadth first search could solve this but it soon eats up memory as pos grows large. Binary search works but Thue-Morse has the best runtime.
Consider a special family of Engineers and Doctors. This family has the following rules:
Everybody has two children.
The first child of an Engineer is an Engineer and the ...
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