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A "register file" is an aggregation of registers. That is, it is one component that holds several different registers.
How many read/write ports? Well, this depends. It can be 1 and 1, or more, according to the specific system. If you are the engineer, you can design a register file with as many read and write ports as you desire. The maximal number would ...
2
Ignore recursion for the moment, and pretend that a recursive call is just like any other call.
Then the solution is easy: all local variables are spilled to the stack across calls, including the recursive call. So yes, if there is deep recursion going on, most of the local variables will reside on the stack most of the time.
Every platform (operating ...
1
You need to make your question a bit more precise.
First, regarding your request to avoid "unlimited" registers -- I assume you mean registers that can hold an arbitrary value (e.g., any natural number).
If you a-priori bound your registers, then the possible states your machine can be in is finite. That is, you have a deterministic finite automaton (or ...
1
Normally the opcode encoding is designed to make it easy to tell. The details of exactly how that works will depend on the particular architecture. For instance, in your example, the first 4 bits might be enough to determine which category the instruction is in. This decoding is performed by the instruction decoder.
As Ran G. explains,
usually, either ...
1
The $\pi$ constant is not used in theoretical computer science due to some intrinsic value or utility of the constant itself.
However, it is (obviously) used in the simulations of physical systems or mathematical equations in which it appears. Precisely for this reason, one of the efforts that computer scientist and mathematicians have made in this regard ...
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