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coupling between hardware and software

I'm very interested in computing and programming but i have a question until now nobody was able to answer.

  1. Long ago when it all started how did the hardware know what to do when software was put on the device or did programming as we have now not excists?
  2. Now we have computer systems with fancy compilers etc. But i'm curious how software is converted to something the hardware understands ?
  3. How is this connected to each other ?
  4. how does the computer know what to do with each line of the program ?

Thanks in advance